In U.S. politics, the
"nuclear option" is a filibuster-reform plan for the majority party in the
United States Senate to change Senate precedents without a supermajority. This option is said to allow a simple majority to override the rules of the Senate and end a
filibuster or other delaying tactic. In contrast, the
cloture rule requires a supermajority of 60 votes (out of 100) to end a filibuster. The new interpretation becomes effective, both for the immediate circumstance and as a precedent, if it is upheld by a majority vote.
Senator
Trent Lott (R-Miss.) first called the option "nuclear" in March 2003;
[1][2] the metaphor of a nuclear strike refers to the majority party unilaterally imposing a change to the filibuster rule, which might provoke retaliation by the minority party.
[3][4]
Although it is not provided for in the formal rules of the Senate, support for the nuclear option is found in a 1957 opinion by Vice President Richard Nixon (who added that he was expressing his personal opinion, not making a ruling from the chair
[5]), as well as a series of votes in 1975, some of which were reconsidered shortly thereafter.
[6] Proponents have referred to it as the
constitutional option,
[7][8][9] especially when applied to filibusters on judicial nominees, on the rationale that the
United States Constitution implies that the Senate can act by a majority vote unless the Constitution itself requires a supermajority.
[3]
The maneuver was brought to prominence in 2005 when
Majority Leader Bill Frist (Republican of
Tennessee) threatened its use to end Democratic-led
filibusters of judicial nominees submitted by
President George W. Bush. In response to this threat, Democrats threatened to shut down the Senate and prevent consideration of all routine and legislative Senate business. The ultimate confrontation was prevented by the
Gang of 14, a group of seven Democratic and seven Republican Senators, all of whom agreed to oppose the nuclear option and oppose filibusters of judicial nominees, except in extraordinary circumstances.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_option