All agreed to a republican form of government grounded in representing the people in the states. For the legislature, two issues were to be decided, (1) how the votes were to be allocated among the states in the Congress, and (2) how the representatives should be elected. The question was settled by the Connecticut Compromise or "Great Compromise". In the House, state power was to be based on population and the people would vote. In the Senate, state power was to be based on state legislature election,
two Senators generally to be elected by different state legislatures to better reflect the long term interests of the people living in each state.
"The use of the Senate is to consist in proceeding with more coolness, with more system, and with more wisdom, than the popular branch." James Madison
History of the United States Senate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
United States Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
." In the minds of many of the Founding Fathers, the Senate would be an American kind of House of Lords. John Dickinson said the Senate should
"consist of the most distinguished characters, distinguished for their rank in life and their weight of property, and bearing as strong a likeness to the British House of Lords as possible."[
James Madison, the “Father of the Constitution
,” openly admitted that the equal suffrage in the Senate was a compromise, a “lesser evil,” and not born out of any political theory.
Since 1789, the Senate has become much more malaportioned. At the time of the Connecticut Compromise, the largest state, Virginia, had only twelve times the population of the smallest state, Delaware. Today, the largest state, California, has a population that is seventy times greater than the population of the smallest state, Wyoming. In 1790, it would take a theoretical 30% of the population to elect a majority of the Senate, today it would take 17%. Today, there are seven states with only one congressman (Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming); never in the past has there been as high a proportion of one-congressmen states.
Here's the thing, at the time of the Constitutional Convention many of the Founding Fathers looked at the British House of Lords as a system to copy as it were when it came to the Senate and further still the Roman Senate as a model. The Senate's creation was a result of Compromise between the states and not some grand plan by one man. Over the proceeding years
after it's creation, especially when it came to the State Legislatures picking Senators, there was a long history of graft and corruption as well as deadlocks that led to the 17th Amendment. The idea of direct election of Senators was not something that just came up during the debate for the 17th Amendment , it's been part of this nations great debate all the way back to James Wilson a signer of the Constitution and member of the " Committee of Detail"