Those jobs don't pay as well as manufacturing jobs. They also don't create as many jobs as manufacturing jobs do. Imagine I open a factory where I make something. I have to buy things to make my product. If you own a ski resort you don't have to make anything. Just wait for the snow and skiers to come. You know what I mean? So a manufacturing company buys and sells. Hospitality mostly sells.
And where there are manufacturing companies, there are tier 1, 2 and 3 suppliers.
AND, when manufacturing is doing well, they spend a lot of money at restaurants, hotels, airlines, car rentals. In other words, even leisure and hospitality benefit from manufacturing jobs.
Each industry has
backward linkages to economic sectors that provide the materials needed for the industry’s output, and each industry has
forward linkages to the economic sectors where the industry’s workers spend their income. Therefore, in addition to the jobs directly supported by an industry, a large number of indirect jobs may also be supported by that industry. The subtraction (or addition) of jobs and output in industries with strong backward and forward linkages to other economic sectors can cause large ripple effects.
Employment multipliers per 100 direct jobs, by major private-sector industry group
Major industry group | Direct jobs | Supplier jobs* | Induced jobs** | Total indirect jobs |
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Agriculture, forest, fishing, and hunting | 100 | 93.6 | 134.8 | 228.5 |
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Mining | 100 | 224.0 | 166.0 | 390.0 |
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Utilities | 100 | 515.4 | 442.2 | 957.7 |
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Construction | 100 | 88.0 | 138.1 | 226.1 |
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Durable manufacturing | 100 | 289.1 | 454.9 | 744.1 |
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Nondurable manufacturing | 100 | 184.8 | 329.5 | 514.3 |
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Wholesale trade | 100 | 107.3 | 128.0 | 235.3 |
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Retail trade | 100 | 46.7 | 75.4 | 122.1 |
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Transportation and warehousing | 100 | 112.8 | 163.3 | 276.0 |
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Information | 100 | 252.0 | 321.1 | 573.1 |
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Finance and insurance | 100 | 149.7 | 214.7 | 364.4 |
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Real estate and rental leasing | 100 | 396.6 | 483.1 | 879.7 |
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Professional, scientific, and technical services | 100 | 142.1 | 276.2 | 418.3 |
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Management of companies | 100 | 144.4 | 255.4 | 399.9 |
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Administrative and support services and waste management | 100 | 45.5 | 89.1 | 134.5 |
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Educational services | 100 | 63.8 | 129.9 | 193.7 |
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Health care and social assistance | 100 | 69.4 | 136.2 | 205.6 |
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Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 100 | 123.3 | 255.2 | 378.5 |
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Accommodation and food services | 100 | 53.8 | 107.4 | 161.2 |
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Other services (except public administration) | 100 | 70.7 | 139.6 | 210.3 |
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