Public lands such as BLM lands by law are available for commercial interest such as mining and grazing. Each land designation allows for various uses and commercial interests are able to demand and acquire rights to the public lands that degrade them for other future uses. Protection of those lands requires huge expenses in legal fees by the government as they challenge the commercial interest who pack the halls of Congress with lobbyists. Because the lobbyist and commercial interest will often win despite the efforts of the government to protect the lands, the Congress decided over 110 years ago to give the Executive Branch an option to bypassing the lobbyist and commercial interest by simply taking sections of threatened land off the table for exploitation,