NOAA Fails to Kill Oysters with MASSIVE CO2

[flacaltenn]

All that press about oysters not surviving a 0.04 change in PH on the West Coast due to SUVs and CO2? Put it on hold. The science is just now being done.

What we really have here is not EVIDENCE, but suspicion. And as usual in AGW science a bias towards leaping to conclusions. Couple of facts,

1) THis entire oyster dust-up is NOT about native marine life -- it's about farming. A bunch of bubbahs with a lot invested in oyster farming who can't seem to make a NON-NATIVE species grow fast enough to make a profit..

2) Tons of money available for research into OA so these farmers lock into a theory about CO2 causing their problems, alert the press, recruit the useful idiots.. GET THE F'ing MONEY! Have free diagnosis of your business problem..

3) Encourage researcher to include RIDICULOUS levels of pCO2 tolerances in their studies to guarantee the proper outcome. Sit back and wait for the magic to happen.

WHOOPS -- the plan doesn't work..

THE PLAN TO KILL YOUNG OYSTERS with CO2

Ocean acidification and emerging diseases in the Pacific Northwest | Roberts Lab

In the Pacific Northwest the environment has changed in a manner
that has contributed to increase mortality of bivalve larvae in
hatcheries and also appears to have decreased natural
recruitment. Several factors have been attributed to this
problem including temperature, ocean acidification, and
re-emerging pathogens. We are testing the impact of single and
multiple biotic and abiotic stressors (i.e. decreased pH) on
larval bivalves with a focus the Pacific oyster. In addition,
population level effects of ocean acidification will be
determined using select SNP markers.

Several local shellfish hatcheries, upon which nearly the entire
bivalve culture industry relies, have experienced severe losses
(e.g. up to 59%) over the past two years. Several factors have
been attributed to this problem including temperature, ocean
acidification, and re-emerging pathogens. Given the large-scale
environmental change observed in our marine ecosystems and the
relationship of host stress response and pathogen virulence with
environmental conditions, it is critical to examine the problems
facing bivalve larvae from a regional perspective by
systematically assessing how the environment influences the
spread of disease and the ability of oysters to effectively
respond to stress.

More specifically we will test the impact of single and multiple
biotic and abiotic stressors on larval bivalves with a focus on
the most economically important regional species, the Pacific
oyster (Crassostrea gigas). In order to assess the impact of
biotic and abiotic environmental factors on bivalve health, we
will also assess the abundance of oysters and other larvae in
Willapa, Dabob, and Netarts Bays in relation to water quality
parameters (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity,
alkalinity, chlorophyll A, and pathogen load). The specific
rsearch objectives are to: 1) Characterize the interrelationship
of altered environmental conditions, pathogen, and oyster
response under controlled conditions and 2) Identify factors in
Pacific Northwest hatcheries and in the wild that are associated
with poor oyster larvae survival.

THE INCONVIENIENT TRUTH about pCO2

Progress Reports: Ocean acidification and emerging diseases in the Pacific Northwest | Roberts Lab

Wild-collected adult C. gigas were strip spawned and gametes
(separate eggs and sperm) were pooled. Fertilizations occurred
in water equilibrated to two different pCO2: 380 ppm (current
levels) and 840 ppm (near end-of-century estimation). <<WOW!!!>>
Fertilization times were staggered and there were 3 fertilization
times per treatment with 3 replicates per time (9 replicates per
treatment). Developing embryos were sampled at times
post-fertilization that correspond to important stages in
development: 1 h, 2h, 5h, 17h, and 24h. We collected data on the
proportion of larvae that had reached cleavage, hatching, etc.
for the different time points. We found that the larvae
developing in the 840 ppm treatment were slower to develop than
larvae at 380 ppm.

In collaboration with the Northwest Fisheries Science Center
(NOAA, NWFSC) we reared larvae until 48 hours post-fertilization
at 4 different pCO2 treatments: 280 ppm (pre-industrial levels),
380 ppm (current day), 750 ppm (projected mid-century), 2000 ppm
(pessimistic end-of-century). <<MORE POISON Dr. Frankenstein>>
There were 6 replicates per treatment.
As described above, adult wild-collected oysters were strip spawned and larvae were monitored in the different
treatments for the ability to reach developmental milestones,
percent fertilization, morphological abnormalities, and swimming
activity. At 24 hours post-fertilization larvae were also
assessed for percent calcification using polarized light. Also
at 24 hours post-fertilization we took samples of larvae from 3
larval chambers per treatment to store for gene expression
analysis.

We found that C. gigas larvae in this experiment had
the greatest success of calcification at 380 ppm and the poorest
at 2000 ppm. Calcification at 280 and 750 ppm decreased when
compared to 380 ppm, but the majority of the larvae were fully
calcified.


<<Lemme repeat a part of that>>
Calcification at 280 and 750 ppm decreased when
compared to 380 ppm, but the majority of the larvae were fully
calcified.
<<They couldn't hack the pre-industrial level of CO2>>

The greatest proportion of larvae with normal
morphology was observed at 380 ppm and the greatest incidence of
abnormal morphology was observed at 2000 ppm. Gene expression
analysis of hsp70 revealed elevated expression at 750 ppm when
compared with 380 ppm, but decreased expression at 2000 ppm
compared to 750 ppm. One intepretation of this is that the
larval stress response reaches a threshold in its ability to
respond to this stressor in water that in greater that 750 ppm
pC02.

Disease susceptibility of Pacific oyster larvae at elevated &#55349;&#57095;atm
CO2 levels- Disease challenges were performed exposing C. gigas
larvae to a combination of elevated &#55349;&#57095;atm CO2 and Vt. These
experiments examined C. gigas larval susceptibility to vibriosis
caused by Vt at three &#55349;&#57095;atm CO2 levels (ambient (~380), 750 and
2000 ppm &#55349;&#57095;atm CO2). Specialty gas mixtures of air and CO2 (2000
and 750 ppm &#55349;&#57095;atm CO2) (Praxair, Inc.) were used to produce
elevated &#55349;&#57095;atm CO2 conditions.

No significant differences in larval susceptibility was detected
at elevated either elevated &#55349;&#57095;atm CO2 when compared to ambient
levels.

Although LD50 values are lower for prodissoconch I larvae
at 2000 &#55349;&#57095;atm CO2, no significant differences were detected when
compared to ambient or 750 &#55349;&#57095;atm CO2 (Table 5). Figures 3a and 3b
illustrate proportions of larval survival at both larval stages
over 72 hours of exposure. Again, no significant differences in
larval survival was seen at elevated &#55349;&#57095;atm CO2.
Further statistical analyses are still underway to further validate these
findings. <<I BET -- NOAA must be fuming>>

Oyster Larvae Growth and Calcification at Three Different pCO2-
Experimental conditions were maintained using a flow-through
seawater system in Friday Harbor, Washington, USA. Three
experimental treatments were chosen to correspond with dissolved
CO2 levels of 400, 700 or 1000 ppm in the atmosphere. These
levels correspond to near current ambient oceanic conditions,
projections for mid-century pCO2, and end-of-century,
respectively (IPCC 2007).

Larval size (shell height and hinge length) was similar across
experimental treatments after 24 hours, however by day 3 larvae
grew significantly larger (height and length) in the Ambient and
MidCO2 compared to the HighCO2 treatment. Between days 1 and 3
larvae increased in size under Ambient conditions (shell height,
P < 1e-7) and MidCO2 conditions (shell height, P < 1e-7; Figure
4). Developmental rate did not vary across treatments.

As part of second experiment, C. gigas juveniles were exposed to
6 different levels of pCO2 (the same as above) for 1 month. At
the end of the month, oysters were sampled for transcriptomics,
proteomics, and histology. A subset of the oysters were subjected
to mechanical stress and similarly sampled. The goal of the
mechanical stress was to simulate a general secondary stressor to
see if OA affects response to other stress. Another group of
oysters from each treatment was subjected to one of three
temperatures representing thermal stress: 44°C (lethal
temperature, or LT), 43°C (LT-1°C), or 42°C (LT-2°C). Mortality
was monitored over a week and any surviving oysters were sampled
at the end of the week.

There was slightly more shell growth at ambient conditions
compared to all elevated pCO2 conditions, although there was no
overall consistent trend in the effect of pCO2 on shell growth.

We also accomplished preliminary proteomics on one sample to
ensure that we will be able to sequence and identify proteins.
The sequencing was successful and we were able to annotate almost
300 peptides.

How sad eh??

 

[Mr. H.]

You would do well to also post this in that other oyster thread, if you haven't already done so.

 

[koshergrl]

All that press about oysters not surviving a 0.04 change in PH on the West Coast due to SUVs and CO2? Put it on hold. The science is just now being done.

What we really have here is not EVIDENCE, but suspicion. And as usual in AGW science a bias towards leaping to conclusions. Couple of facts,

1) THis entire oyster dust-up is NOT about native marine life -- it's about farming. A bunch of bubbahs with a lot invested in oyster farming who can't seem to make a NON-NATIVE species grow fast enough to make a profit..

2) Tons of money available for research into OA so these farmers lock into a theory about CO2 causing their problems, alert the press, recruit the useful idiots.. GET THE F'ing MONEY! Have free diagnosis of your business problem..

3) Encourage researcher to include RIDICULOUS levels of pCO2 tolerances in their studies to guarantee the proper outcome. Sit back and wait for the magic to happen.

WHOOPS -- the plan doesn't work..

THE PLAN TO KILL YOUNG OYSTERS with CO2

Ocean acidification and emerging diseases in the Pacific Northwest | Roberts Lab

In the Pacific Northwest the environment has changed in a manner
that has contributed to increase mortality of bivalve larvae in
hatcheries and also appears to have decreased natural
recruitment. Several factors have been attributed to this
problem including temperature, ocean acidification, and
re-emerging pathogens. We are testing the impact of single and
multiple biotic and abiotic stressors (i.e. decreased pH) on
larval bivalves with a focus the Pacific oyster. In addition,
population level effects of ocean acidification will be
determined using select SNP markers.

Several local shellfish hatcheries, upon which nearly the entire
bivalve culture industry relies, have experienced severe losses
(e.g. up to 59%) over the past two years. Several factors have
been attributed to this problem including temperature, ocean
acidification, and re-emerging pathogens. Given the large-scale
environmental change observed in our marine ecosystems and the
relationship of host stress response and pathogen virulence with
environmental conditions, it is critical to examine the problems
facing bivalve larvae from a regional perspective by
systematically assessing how the environment influences the
spread of disease and the ability of oysters to effectively
respond to stress.

More specifically we will test the impact of single and multiple
biotic and abiotic stressors on larval bivalves with a focus on
the most economically important regional species, the Pacific
oyster (Crassostrea gigas). In order to assess the impact of
biotic and abiotic environmental factors on bivalve health, we
will also assess the abundance of oysters and other larvae in
Willapa, Dabob, and Netarts Bays in relation to water quality
parameters (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity,
alkalinity, chlorophyll A, and pathogen load). The specific
rsearch objectives are to: 1) Characterize the interrelationship
of altered environmental conditions, pathogen, and oyster
response under controlled conditions and 2) Identify factors in
Pacific Northwest hatcheries and in the wild that are associated
with poor oyster larvae survival.

THE INCONVIENIENT TRUTH about pCO2

Progress Reports: Ocean acidification and emerging diseases in the Pacific Northwest | Roberts Lab

Wild-collected adult C. gigas were strip spawned and gametes
(separate eggs and sperm) were pooled. Fertilizations occurred
in water equilibrated to two different pCO2: 380 ppm (current
levels) and 840 ppm (near end-of-century estimation). <<WOW!!!>>
Fertilization times were staggered and there were 3 fertilization
times per treatment with 3 replicates per time (9 replicates per
treatment). Developing embryos were sampled at times
post-fertilization that correspond to important stages in
development: 1 h, 2h, 5h, 17h, and 24h. We collected data on the
proportion of larvae that had reached cleavage, hatching, etc.
for the different time points. We found that the larvae
developing in the 840 ppm treatment were slower to develop than
larvae at 380 ppm.

In collaboration with the Northwest Fisheries Science Center
(NOAA, NWFSC) we reared larvae until 48 hours post-fertilization
at 4 different pCO2 treatments: 280 ppm (pre-industrial levels),
380 ppm (current day), 750 ppm (projected mid-century), 2000 ppm
(pessimistic end-of-century). <<MORE POISON Dr. Frankenstein>>
There were 6 replicates per treatment.
As described above, adult wild-collected oysters were strip spawned and larvae were monitored in the different
treatments for the ability to reach developmental milestones,
percent fertilization, morphological abnormalities, and swimming
activity. At 24 hours post-fertilization larvae were also
assessed for percent calcification using polarized light. Also
at 24 hours post-fertilization we took samples of larvae from 3
larval chambers per treatment to store for gene expression
analysis.

We found that C. gigas larvae in this experiment had
the greatest success of calcification at 380 ppm and the poorest
at 2000 ppm. Calcification at 280 and 750 ppm decreased when
compared to 380 ppm, but the majority of the larvae were fully
calcified.


<<Lemme repeat a part of that>>
Calcification at 280 and 750 ppm decreased when
compared to 380 ppm, but the majority of the larvae were fully
calcified.
<<They couldn't hack the pre-industrial level of CO2>>

The greatest proportion of larvae with normal
morphology was observed at 380 ppm and the greatest incidence of
abnormal morphology was observed at 2000 ppm. Gene expression
analysis of hsp70 revealed elevated expression at 750 ppm when
compared with 380 ppm, but decreased expression at 2000 ppm
compared to 750 ppm. One intepretation of this is that the
larval stress response reaches a threshold in its ability to
respond to this stressor in water that in greater that 750 ppm
pC02.

Disease susceptibility of Pacific oyster larvae at elevated &#65533;&#65533;atm
CO2 levels- Disease challenges were performed exposing C. gigas
larvae to a combination of elevated &#65533;&#65533;atm CO2 and Vt. These
experiments examined C. gigas larval susceptibility to vibriosis
caused by Vt at three &#65533;&#65533;atm CO2 levels (ambient (~380), 750 and
2000 ppm &#65533;&#65533;atm CO2). Specialty gas mixtures of air and CO2 (2000
and 750 ppm &#65533;&#65533;atm CO2) (Praxair, Inc.) were used to produce
elevated &#65533;&#65533;atm CO2 conditions.

No significant differences in larval susceptibility was detected
at elevated either elevated &#65533;&#65533;atm CO2 when compared to ambient
levels.

Although LD50 values are lower for prodissoconch I larvae
at 2000 &#65533;&#65533;atm CO2, no significant differences were detected when
compared to ambient or 750 &#65533;&#65533;atm CO2 (Table 5). Figures 3a and 3b
illustrate proportions of larval survival at both larval stages
over 72 hours of exposure. Again, no significant differences in
larval survival was seen at elevated &#65533;&#65533;atm CO2.
Further statistical analyses are still underway to further validate these
findings. <<I BET -- NOAA must be fuming>>

Oyster Larvae Growth and Calcification at Three Different pCO2-
Experimental conditions were maintained using a flow-through
seawater system in Friday Harbor, Washington, USA. Three
experimental treatments were chosen to correspond with dissolved
CO2 levels of 400, 700 or 1000 ppm in the atmosphere. These
levels correspond to near current ambient oceanic conditions,
projections for mid-century pCO2, and end-of-century,
respectively (IPCC 2007).

Larval size (shell height and hinge length) was similar across
experimental treatments after 24 hours, however by day 3 larvae
grew significantly larger (height and length) in the Ambient and
MidCO2 compared to the HighCO2 treatment. Between days 1 and 3
larvae increased in size under Ambient conditions (shell height,
P < 1e-7) and MidCO2 conditions (shell height, P < 1e-7; Figure
4). Developmental rate did not vary across treatments.

As part of second experiment, C. gigas juveniles were exposed to
6 different levels of pCO2 (the same as above) for 1 month. At
the end of the month, oysters were sampled for transcriptomics,
proteomics, and histology. A subset of the oysters were subjected
to mechanical stress and similarly sampled. The goal of the
mechanical stress was to simulate a general secondary stressor to
see if OA affects response to other stress. Another group of
oysters from each treatment was subjected to one of three
temperatures representing thermal stress: 44°C (lethal
temperature, or LT), 43°C (LT-1°C), or 42°C (LT-2°C). Mortality
was monitored over a week and any surviving oysters were sampled
at the end of the week.

There was slightly more shell growth at ambient conditions
compared to all elevated pCO2 conditions, although there was no
overall consistent trend in the effect of pCO2 on shell growth.

We also accomplished preliminary proteomics on one sample to
ensure that we will be able to sequence and identify proteins.
The sequencing was successful and we were able to annotate almost
300 peptides.

How sad eh??

That is flipping classic.

 

[Moonglow]

I'll take my oysters on the half shell with tequila, and a dash of lemon.

 

[koshergrl]

Unfortunately, in Oregon you aren't allowed to touch the native ones.

And the others are all privately owned. Probably by liberals living in LA.

 

[Moonglow]

Down south there are oyster farms.
Salt water oysters are a bit to briney for me.

 

[Moonglow]

you see here in the foothills of the Ozarks you don't have libs or repubs, you have short hairs, and you have well groomed mountain men.

 

[flacaltenn]

You would do well to also post this in that other oyster thread, if you haven't already done so.

I put a link to it there -- but the thread creeps me out with all those rats butts pix..
My wager is the usual posse of doomsayers are out reading the Warmer Gospel in an attempt to respond...

 

[flacaltenn]

Unfortunately, in Oregon you aren't allowed to touch the native ones.

And the others are all privately owned. Probably by liberals living in LA.

There was an article in Reason Mag about the collapse of oysters in the Cheasapeake. THey turned to farming there and didn't realize that they needed to put the shells back in the water to build a calcium carb reserve in the local water. It worked for a while but disease took it down. Probably --- as you say --- from mixing native species with farm breeds that didn't really belong there..

 

[whitehall]

Common sense tells you that if the government funds a "study" the resulting evidence will confirm whatever theory the government commissioned the scientists to find. We saw it with the "global warming " junk science. It's easy for the quasi-scientists to ignore some evidence while faking a few statistics as long as the lucrative grant money keeps flowing. There was a time when factories that used extremely hazardous materials would have been blamed for biological dramas but it seems that the government is now on the side of haz-mat battery companies that make gigantic junk that nobody wants to buy. Chevy Volt batteries are made on the west Coast.

 

[Douger]

Tomorrow they exhume mass graves and determine that only 16 civilians were killed by accident in Iraq. The other deaths were due to Evul Saddam's gassing, malnutrition, Marxist, socialist, communist, policies but things are looking a whole lot better today.
Gawd Blast murka !
FreeDumb rulez !

 

[flacaltenn]

Wrong thread Douger.. I've told you many times, YOURS is the little Yellow house 2 blocks down and to the right. You'll make it if you put down that scotch...

 

[CrusaderFrank]

All that press about oysters not surviving a 0.04 change in PH on the West Coast due to SUVs and CO2? Put it on hold. The science is just now being done.

What we really have here is not EVIDENCE, but suspicion. And as usual in AGW science a bias towards leaping to conclusions. Couple of facts,

1) THis entire oyster dust-up is NOT about native marine life -- it's about farming. A bunch of bubbahs with a lot invested in oyster farming who can't seem to make a NON-NATIVE species grow fast enough to make a profit..

2) Tons of money available for research into OA so these farmers lock into a theory about CO2 causing their problems, alert the press, recruit the useful idiots.. GET THE F'ing MONEY! Have free diagnosis of your business problem..

3) Encourage researcher to include RIDICULOUS levels of pCO2 tolerances in their studies to guarantee the proper outcome. Sit back and wait for the magic to happen.

WHOOPS -- the plan doesn't work..

THE PLAN TO KILL YOUNG OYSTERS with CO2

Ocean acidification and emerging diseases in the Pacific Northwest | Roberts Lab

In the Pacific Northwest the environment has changed in a manner
that has contributed to increase mortality of bivalve larvae in
hatcheries and also appears to have decreased natural
recruitment. Several factors have been attributed to this
problem including temperature, ocean acidification, and
re-emerging pathogens. We are testing the impact of single and
multiple biotic and abiotic stressors (i.e. decreased pH) on
larval bivalves with a focus the Pacific oyster. In addition,
population level effects of ocean acidification will be
determined using select SNP markers.

Several local shellfish hatcheries, upon which nearly the entire
bivalve culture industry relies, have experienced severe losses
(e.g. up to 59%) over the past two years. Several factors have
been attributed to this problem including temperature, ocean
acidification, and re-emerging pathogens. Given the large-scale
environmental change observed in our marine ecosystems and the
relationship of host stress response and pathogen virulence with
environmental conditions, it is critical to examine the problems
facing bivalve larvae from a regional perspective by
systematically assessing how the environment influences the
spread of disease and the ability of oysters to effectively
respond to stress.

More specifically we will test the impact of single and multiple
biotic and abiotic stressors on larval bivalves with a focus on
the most economically important regional species, the Pacific
oyster (Crassostrea gigas). In order to assess the impact of
biotic and abiotic environmental factors on bivalve health, we
will also assess the abundance of oysters and other larvae in
Willapa, Dabob, and Netarts Bays in relation to water quality
parameters (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity,
alkalinity, chlorophyll A, and pathogen load). The specific
rsearch objectives are to: 1) Characterize the interrelationship
of altered environmental conditions, pathogen, and oyster
response under controlled conditions and 2) Identify factors in
Pacific Northwest hatcheries and in the wild that are associated
with poor oyster larvae survival.

THE INCONVIENIENT TRUTH about pCO2

Progress Reports: Ocean acidification and emerging diseases in the Pacific Northwest | Roberts Lab

Wild-collected adult C. gigas were strip spawned and gametes
(separate eggs and sperm) were pooled. Fertilizations occurred
in water equilibrated to two different pCO2: 380 ppm (current
levels) and 840 ppm (near end-of-century estimation). <<WOW!!!>>
Fertilization times were staggered and there were 3 fertilization
times per treatment with 3 replicates per time (9 replicates per
treatment). Developing embryos were sampled at times
post-fertilization that correspond to important stages in
development: 1 h, 2h, 5h, 17h, and 24h. We collected data on the
proportion of larvae that had reached cleavage, hatching, etc.
for the different time points. We found that the larvae
developing in the 840 ppm treatment were slower to develop than
larvae at 380 ppm.

In collaboration with the Northwest Fisheries Science Center
(NOAA, NWFSC) we reared larvae until 48 hours post-fertilization
at 4 different pCO2 treatments: 280 ppm (pre-industrial levels),
380 ppm (current day), 750 ppm (projected mid-century), 2000 ppm
(pessimistic end-of-century). <<MORE POISON Dr. Frankenstein>>
There were 6 replicates per treatment.
As described above, adult wild-collected oysters were strip spawned and larvae were monitored in the different
treatments for the ability to reach developmental milestones,
percent fertilization, morphological abnormalities, and swimming
activity. At 24 hours post-fertilization larvae were also
assessed for percent calcification using polarized light. Also
at 24 hours post-fertilization we took samples of larvae from 3
larval chambers per treatment to store for gene expression
analysis.

We found that C. gigas larvae in this experiment had
the greatest success of calcification at 380 ppm and the poorest
at 2000 ppm. Calcification at 280 and 750 ppm decreased when
compared to 380 ppm, but the majority of the larvae were fully
calcified.


<<Lemme repeat a part of that>>
Calcification at 280 and 750 ppm decreased when
compared to 380 ppm, but the majority of the larvae were fully
calcified.
<<They couldn't hack the pre-industrial level of CO2>>

The greatest proportion of larvae with normal
morphology was observed at 380 ppm and the greatest incidence of
abnormal morphology was observed at 2000 ppm. Gene expression
analysis of hsp70 revealed elevated expression at 750 ppm when
compared with 380 ppm, but decreased expression at 2000 ppm
compared to 750 ppm. One intepretation of this is that the
larval stress response reaches a threshold in its ability to
respond to this stressor in water that in greater that 750 ppm
pC02.

Disease susceptibility of Pacific oyster larvae at elevated &#65533;&#65533;atm
CO2 levels- Disease challenges were performed exposing C. gigas
larvae to a combination of elevated &#65533;&#65533;atm CO2 and Vt. These
experiments examined C. gigas larval susceptibility to vibriosis
caused by Vt at three &#65533;&#65533;atm CO2 levels (ambient (~380), 750 and
2000 ppm &#65533;&#65533;atm CO2). Specialty gas mixtures of air and CO2 (2000
and 750 ppm &#65533;&#65533;atm CO2) (Praxair, Inc.) were used to produce
elevated &#65533;&#65533;atm CO2 conditions.

No significant differences in larval susceptibility was detected
at elevated either elevated &#65533;&#65533;atm CO2 when compared to ambient
levels.

Although LD50 values are lower for prodissoconch I larvae
at 2000 &#65533;&#65533;atm CO2, no significant differences were detected when
compared to ambient or 750 &#65533;&#65533;atm CO2 (Table 5). Figures 3a and 3b
illustrate proportions of larval survival at both larval stages
over 72 hours of exposure. Again, no significant differences in
larval survival was seen at elevated &#65533;&#65533;atm CO2.
Further statistical analyses are still underway to further validate these
findings. <<I BET -- NOAA must be fuming>>

Oyster Larvae Growth and Calcification at Three Different pCO2-
Experimental conditions were maintained using a flow-through
seawater system in Friday Harbor, Washington, USA. Three
experimental treatments were chosen to correspond with dissolved
CO2 levels of 400, 700 or 1000 ppm in the atmosphere. These
levels correspond to near current ambient oceanic conditions,
projections for mid-century pCO2, and end-of-century,
respectively (IPCC 2007).

Larval size (shell height and hinge length) was similar across
experimental treatments after 24 hours, however by day 3 larvae
grew significantly larger (height and length) in the Ambient and
MidCO2 compared to the HighCO2 treatment. Between days 1 and 3
larvae increased in size under Ambient conditions (shell height,
P < 1e-7) and MidCO2 conditions (shell height, P < 1e-7; Figure
4). Developmental rate did not vary across treatments.

As part of second experiment, C. gigas juveniles were exposed to
6 different levels of pCO2 (the same as above) for 1 month. At
the end of the month, oysters were sampled for transcriptomics,
proteomics, and histology. A subset of the oysters were subjected
to mechanical stress and similarly sampled. The goal of the
mechanical stress was to simulate a general secondary stressor to
see if OA affects response to other stress. Another group of
oysters from each treatment was subjected to one of three
temperatures representing thermal stress: 44°C (lethal
temperature, or LT), 43°C (LT-1°C), or 42°C (LT-2°C). Mortality
was monitored over a week and any surviving oysters were sampled
at the end of the week.

There was slightly more shell growth at ambient conditions
compared to all elevated pCO2 conditions, although there was no
overall consistent trend in the effect of pCO2 on shell growth.

We also accomplished preliminary proteomics on one sample to
ensure that we will be able to sequence and identify proteins.
The sequencing was successful and we were able to annotate almost
300 peptides.

How sad eh??

That's why the Warmers NEVER show you lab experiments.

Not once.

Not ever.

 

[koshergrl]

Tomorrow they exhume mass graves and determine that only 16 civilians were killed by accident in Iraq. The other deaths were due to Evul Saddam's gassing, malnutrition, Marxist, socialist, communist, policies but things are looking a whole lot better today.
Gawd Blast murka !
FreeDumb rulez !

Sometimes it's a good idea to pack the bong away with the old china, and just smoke joints for a while.

Let your head clear a bit.

 

[skookerasbil]

And Im laughing.......................


Oooooooops!!!!

 

[Old Rocks]

Very good. A excellant article from a trusted source. So the rise in CO2 does not directly kill the oyster larvea. Yet, when they have a rise in the CO2 in the ocean water that they are using, the oyster larvea die. So now they have to do more research as to what is the culprit, and the why of the relationship to the CO2 level.

Progress Reports: Ocean acidification and emerging diseases in the Pacific Northwest | Roberts Lab

Reporting Period 02/01/2012 - 02/29/2012
This reporting period encompasses the month of February 2012. A majority of our research efforts during this month included data analysis and the completion of oyster experimental trials conducted at Friday Harbor Laboratories. Details of these trials are provided here.
Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, were exposed to 6 different ocean acidification scenarios for 1 week. These 6 levels of pCO2 simulated current-day atmospheric levels (400 ppm) through projections extending beyond the year 2100 (1400 ppm). At the end of the 1 week exposure, oysters were sampled for transcriptomics, proteomics, and histology. Additionally, a subset of the oysters were exposed to different levels of thermal stress to assess the impacts of OA on oyster thermal response.
As part of second experiment, C. gigas juveniles were exposed to 6 different levels of pCO2 (the same as above) for 1 month. At the end of the month, oysters were sampled for transcriptomics, proteomics, and histology. A subset of the oysters were subjected to mechanical stress and similarly sampled. The goal of the mechanical stress was to simulate a general secondary stressor to see if OA affects response to other stress. Another group of oysters from each treatment was subjected to one of three temperatures representing thermal stress: 44°C (lethal temperature, or LT), 43°C (LT-1°C), or 42°C (LT-2°C). Mortality was monitored over a week and any surviving oysters were sampled at the end of the week.
There was slightly more shell growth at ambient conditions compared to all elevated pCO2 conditions, although there was no overall consistent trend in the effect of pCO2 on shell growth. We also accomplished preliminary proteomics on one sample to ensure that we will be able to sequence and identify proteins. The sequencing was successful and we were able to annotate almost 300 peptides.

 

[Old Rocks]

And Im laughing.......................


Oooooooops!!!!

I am not. We still lose hatches of oysters under the conditions of high CO2 in the water. And we still don't know why. All we know at present is that the dieoffs are associated with the high CO2, but not a direct result of that level.

 

[flacaltenn]

That's why the Warmers NEVER show you lab experiments.

Not once.

Not ever.

This was impressive in terms of the set-up, equipment, and methodology.. I'm pretty sure that the wife and I helped develop some of their DNA equipment.. Not just a fish tank and dry ice and a Barbie Doll..

But Frank --- here's my FAVORITE PART of all their Progress Reports that I snipped.. It speaks DIRECTLY to the pressure to prove the sponsor's point.. In this case Warming HQ at NOAA. The ONLY PLACE all of their progress reports where there's a mention of the sponsor in the technical body is HERE......

In collaboration with the Northwest Fisheries Science Center
(NOAA, NWFSC) we reared larvae until 48 hours post-fertilization
at 4 different pCO2 treatments: 280 ppm (pre-industrial levels),
380 ppm (current day), 750 ppm (projected mid-century), 2000 ppm
(pessimistic end-of-century). <<MORE POISON Dr. Frankenstein>>

This came in about the 3rd progress report. Apparently they're saying that "WE KNOW it's fucking crazy to crank up the pCO2 to 2000ppm, but we were FORCED to do that.. " Because of failures of earlier work to show any really nasty effects..

So don't laugh at the conference when we show 2000ppm graphs...

 

[flacaltenn]

And Im laughing.......................


Oooooooops!!!!

I am not. We still lose hatches of oysters under the conditions of high CO2 in the water. And we still don't know why. All we know at present is that the dieoffs are associated with the high CO2, but not a direct result of that level.

Ya know -- it eventually comes back to politics don't it? At this point, the Bubbahs with the Oyster Farms are gonna have to chip in to fix all that.. They used quite enough of the taxpayers' resources already... Maybe we should be concentrating any FED dollars on Natural species and their problems -- if an oyster has any issues that is.....

 

[koshergrl]

We'll lose batches of FARMED oysters that don't belong here in the first place.

The co2 you're pissing and moaning about has probably always fluctuated here...which is why it's not bothering the native oysters.

Or maybe it does. Unexplained die-offs are a force of nature.