What constitutes a tribe vs "not a tribe". Would you call the empires of Mali, Ghana, and Songhai a tribe? They were for the people.
Obviously, I'm going to have to do a better job of picking my words in the future:
"The rulers of Mali came to be called mansa, meaning 'emperor' or 'master.' Mansa Musa was Mali’s most renowned king, ruling from 1312 to 1337 CE.
"He was the grandson of Sundiata’s half brother, and ruled Mali at a time of great prosperity, during which trade tripled. During his rule, he doubled the land area of
Mali; it became a larger kingdom than any in Europe at the time.
"The cities of Mali became important trading centers for all of West Africa as well as famous centers of wealth, culture, and learning.
"
Timbuktu, an important city in Mali, became one of the major cultural centers not only of Africa but of the entire world. Vast libraries and Islamic universities were built. These became meeting places of the finest poets, scholars, and artists of Africa and the Middle East..."
Mali Empire - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia