Because private sales and transfers are exempted from checks and records requirements, it’s unclear how many take place. Our gun sales tracker, for example, relies on background check data and doesn’t include sales that happen without one.
Some estimates do exist, though: A 2017 survey found that 13 percent of new gun owners reported that they had purchased their gun without a background check. The same survey found that 45 percent of gun owners who bought a gun online in the previous two years did not undergo a background check. A separate study found that roughly 80 percent of guns acquired for criminal purposes are obtained through unlicensed sellers.
With upward of 400 million guns in circulation, the number of guns sold without a background check could be in the millions.
About 20 states have background check requirements greater than required by federal law, but it's doubtful if any are truly universal.
Though federal legislation to strengthen requirements hasn’t passed, many individual states have plugged some of the gaps.
www.thetrace.org