However, by utilizing and add-on architecture Linux has increased stability, again the singular kernel (all commands are processed by the kernel directly) a miss-step in an interrupt handler can cause the system to become unstable and even crash. However with using separate apps for each command the kernel remains more stable and the user rarely sees the effect. Instead the kernel is able to 'try again' or automatically update the command to respond correctly, at the very least it can respond with a more human error report. If MS had instead gone with advancing the 98/2K Windoze and improving it with the MS-DOS kernel it wouldn't have so many problems. But all we need are just a billion Linux/Unix converts and then it's all good.