June 1-2, 1941 The Farhud - How the Arab Leader in Palestine attacked Jews in Iraq

[Sixties Fan]

This month 81 years ago, Bagdad’s Jews suffered a wave of murderous antisemitic violence known as the Farhud (onslaught). The pogrom was not only the beginning of the end for the Jews in Iraq, but emblematic of the destruction of Jewish communities across the greater Middle East – a Nakba (catastrophe) largely forgotten by the world

Amid the flames of the Second World War, the Farhud erupted on June 1, 1941. The antisemitic mob violence led to the murder of 179 Jews, although the total number of Jewish fatalities could have been as high as 600, with many unidentified bodies buried in a mass grave. In addition, more than 1,000 Jews were injured, with around 900 homes destroyed and massive amounts of property looted.

The two days of terror occurred during the power vacuum between the collapse of the pro-German government of Rashid Ali and the return of British forces to Bagdad. The violence was incited with Axis support in radio broadcasts and newspapers, as well as sermons in mosques, all fueled by the potent fusion of fascism, Arab nationalism and Islamic militancy.


The leader of the Palestinian national movement, Amin al-Husseini, living in Iraq since 1939, played a crucial role in supporting the anti-British coup that brought Rashid Ali to power and in encouraging the deadly violence against Bagdad’s Jews. With Britain’s reconquest of Iraq, al-Husseini relocated to Berlin, where he served the Nazi regime until its demise. Notwithstanding this wartime collaboration, al-Husseini was elected president of the All-Palestine Government in 1948.

Baghdad’s Jews have a rich heritage. Known as the first diaspora, the community predated the rise of Islam, tracing its roots back to the Babylonian exile of antiquity.


Over the centuries, the Jews of Mesopotamia made an immeasurable contribution to Jewish scholarship and civilization, as well as to the culture and society of the Middle East as a whole.


But the Farhud was not just a mortal blow to one historic community, it was a sign of things to come for Jews throughout the Arab world. From Libya to Syria and from Yemen to Tunisia, murderous pogroms became more and more ubiquitous. And in the aftermath of the Second World War, entire Jewish communities were decimated.

(full article online)

81 years since the Farhud: Iraqi families have not forgotten - opinion

My in-laws were lucky to have gotten out when they did. In December 1947, a Farhud-type pogrom swept Aleppo, leaving the community devastated.

www.jpost.com

 

[surada]

This month 81 years ago, Bagdad’s Jews suffered a wave of murderous antisemitic violence known as the Farhud (onslaught). The pogrom was not only the beginning of the end for the Jews in Iraq, but emblematic of the destruction of Jewish communities across the greater Middle East – a Nakba (catastrophe) largely forgotten by the world

Amid the flames of the Second World War, the Farhud erupted on June 1, 1941. The antisemitic mob violence led to the murder of 179 Jews, although the total number of Jewish fatalities could have been as high as 600, with many unidentified bodies buried in a mass grave. In addition, more than 1,000 Jews were injured, with around 900 homes destroyed and massive amounts of property looted.

The two days of terror occurred during the power vacuum between the collapse of the pro-German government of Rashid Ali and the return of British forces to Bagdad. The violence was incited with Axis support in radio broadcasts and newspapers, as well as sermons in mosques, all fueled by the potent fusion of fascism, Arab nationalism and Islamic militancy.


The leader of the Palestinian national movement, Amin al-Husseini, living in Iraq since 1939, played a crucial role in supporting the anti-British coup that brought Rashid Ali to power and in encouraging the deadly violence against Bagdad’s Jews. With Britain’s reconquest of Iraq, al-Husseini relocated to Berlin, where he served the Nazi regime until its demise. Notwithstanding this wartime collaboration, al-Husseini was elected president of the All-Palestine Government in 1948.

Baghdad’s Jews have a rich heritage. Known as the first diaspora, the community predated the rise of Islam, tracing its roots back to the Babylonian exile of antiquity.


Over the centuries, the Jews of Mesopotamia made an immeasurable contribution to Jewish scholarship and civilization, as well as to the culture and society of the Middle East as a whole.


But the Farhud was not just a mortal blow to one historic community, it was a sign of things to come for Jews throughout the Arab world. From Libya to Syria and from Yemen to Tunisia, murderous pogroms became more and more ubiquitous. And in the aftermath of the Second World War, entire Jewish communities were decimated.

(full article online)

81 years since the Farhud: Iraqi families have not forgotten - opinion

My in-laws were lucky to have gotten out when they did. In December 1947, a Farhud-type pogrom swept Aleppo, leaving the community devastated.

www.jpost.com

Farhud - Wikipedia

en.m.wikipedia.org

 

[Sixties Fan]

Farhud - Wikipedia

en.m.wikipedia.org

What are you trying to say.
In your own words.

 

[Sixties Fan]

Farhud - Wikipedia

en.m.wikipedia.org

I know. The Jews had it good in Iraq, right?

Here is what the link below that article says:

Organized Zionist activity began in Iraq in the 1920s. The Jewish population was generally sympathetic toward the movement, although not at that time as a solution for Iraqi Jews.[41] The Zionist organization in Baghdad was initially granted a permit by the British, in March 1921, but in the following year, under the government of King Faisal I, was unable to renew it. Nevertheless, its activities were tolerated until 1929. In that year, after conflict and bloodshed in Palestineduring anti-Zionist demonstrations, Zionist activities were banned and teachers from Palestine, who had taught Hebrew and Jewish history, were forced to leave.[41]

In the 1930s, the situation of the Jews in Iraq deteriorated. Previously, the growing Iraqi Arab nationalist sentiment included Iraqi Jews as fellow Arabs,[42] but these views changed with the ongoing conflict in the Palestinian Mandate and the introduction of Nazi propaganda.[43]Despite protestations of their loyalty to Iraq, Iraqi Jews were increasingly subject to discrimination and anti-Jewish actions. In September 1934, following the appointment of Arshad al-Umari as the new minister of economics and communications, tens of Jews were dismissed from their posts in that ministry; and, subsequently, there were unofficial quotas of Jews that could be appointed in the civil service or admitted to secondary schools and colleges.[44] Zionist activity had continued covertly even after 1929, but in 1935 the last two Palestinian Jewish teachers were deported, and the president of the Zionist organization was put on trial and ultimately required to leave the country.[45]


Mass grave for the victims of the Farhudin 1946

Following the collapse of Rashid Ali al-Gaylani's pro-Axis coup d'état in 1941, the Farhud ("violent dispossession") pogrom broke out in Baghdad on June 1, in which approximately 200 Iraqi Jews were murdered (some sources put the number higher[46]), and up to 2,000 injured- damages to Jewish-owned property were estimated at $3 million (US$ 55 million in 2022). There were also instances of looting of Jewish properties in many other cities at around the same time, with the pogrom lasting for two days until June 2. Afterwards, Jewish emissaries from Palestine were sent to teach Iraqi Jews self-defense, which they were eager to learn.[38] The newly restored pro-Allied monarchist regime quickly implemented measures to prevent the outbreak of similar anti-Jewish violence and established a committee of enquiry on 7 June "to examine the facts and find who was culpable."[47]

Persecution by Iraqi authoritiesEdit​

Before the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine vote, Iraq's prime minister Nuri al-Said told British diplomats that if the United Nations solution was not "satisfactory", "severe measures should [would?] be taken against all Jews in Arab countries".[48] In a speech at the General Assembly Hall at Flushing Meadow, New York, on Friday, 28 November 1947, Iraq's Foreign Minister, Fadel Jamall, included the following statement:

Partition imposed against the will of the majority of the people will jeopardize peace and harmony in the Middle East. Not only the uprising of the Arabs of Palestine is to be expected, but the masses in the Arab world cannot be restrained. The Arab-Jewish relationship in the Arab world will greatly deteriorate. There are more Jews in the Arab world outside of Palestine than there are in Palestine. In Iraq alone, we have about one hundred and fifty thousand Jews who share with Moslems and Christians all the advantages of political and economic rights. Harmony prevails among Moslems, Christians and Jews. But any injustice imposed upon the Arabs of Palestine will disturb the harmony among Jews and non-Jews in Iraq; it will breed inter-religious prejudice and hatred.[49]

In the months leading up to the November 1947 Partition vote, violence against Iraqi Jews increased. In May 1947, a Jewish man in Baghdad was lynched by an angry mob after being accused of giving poisoned candy to Arab children. Rioters ransacked homes in the Jewish Quarter of Fallujah, and the Jewish population there fled to Baghdad. Large Jewish "donations" for the Palestinian Arab cause were regularly extorted, with the names of "donors" read out on the radio to encourage more. In spite of this, Iraqi Jews still mostly continued to view themselves as loyal Iraqis and believed that the hardship would pass. The Jewish Agency's emissary to Iraq reported that "No attention is paid [by the Jews] to the frightful manifestations of hostility around them, which place all Jews on the verge of a volcano about to erupt."[50]

In 1948, the year of Israel's independence, there were about 150,000 Jews in Iraq.[51] Persecution of Jews greatly increased that year:

• In July 1948, the government passed a law making Zionism a capital offense, with a minimum sentence of seven years imprisonment. Any Jew could be convicted of Zionism based only on the sworn testimony of two Muslim witnesses, with virtually no avenue of appeal available.
• On August 28, 1948, Jews were forbidden to engage in banking or foreign currency transactions.
• In September 1948, Jews were dismissed from the railways, the post office, the telegraph department, and the Finance Ministry on the ground that they were suspected of "sabotage and treason".
• On October 8, 1948, the issuance of export and import licenses to Jewish merchants was forbidden.
• On October 19, 1948, the discharge of all Jewish officials and workers from all governmental departments was ordered.
• In October, the Egyptian paper El-Ahram estimated that as a result of arrests, trials, and sequestration of property, the Iraqi treasury collected some 20 million dinars or the equivalent of 80 million U.S. dollars.
• On December 2, 1948, the Iraq government suggested to oil companies operating in Iraq that no Jewish employees be accepted.[52]

"With very few exceptions, only Jews wore watches. On spotting one that looked expensive, a policeman had approached the owner as if to ask the hour. Once assured the man was Jewish, he relieved him of the timepiece and took him into custody. The watch, he told the judge, contained tiny wireless; he'd caught the Jew, he claimed, sending military secrets to the Zionists in Palestine. Without examining the "evidence" or asking any questions, the judge pronounced his sentence. The "traitor" went to prison, the watch to the policeman as a reward."[53][54]

Following the Israeli Declaration of Independence and Iraq's subsequent participation in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Iraq was placed under martial law. Courts martial were used to intimidate wealthy Jews, Jews were again dismissed from civil service, quotas were placed on university positions, and Jewish businesses were boycotted.[55] In sweeps throughout urban areas, the Iraqi authorities searched thousands of Jewish homes for secret caches of money they were presumed to be sending to Israel. Walls were frequently demolished in these searches. Hundreds of Jews were arrested on suspicion of Zionist activity, tortured into confessing, and subjected to heavy fines and lengthy prison sentences. In one case, a Jewish man was sentenced to five years' hard labor for possessing a Biblical Hebrew inscription which was presumed to be a coded Zionist message.[50]

The greatest shock to the Jewish community came with the arrest and execution of businessman Shafiq Ades, a Jewish automobile importer who was the single wealthiest Jew in the country. Ades, who had displayed no interest in Zionism, was arrested on charges of sending military equipment to Israel and convicted by a military tribunal. He was fined $20 million and sentenced to death. His entire estate was liquidated and he was publicly hanged in Basra in September 1948.[56][50] The Jewish community's general sentiment was that if an assimilated and non-Zionist Jew as powerful and well-connected as Ades could be eliminated, other Jews would not be protected any longer.[57] Additionally, like most Arab League states, Iraq forbade any legal emigration of its Jews on the grounds that they might go to Israel and could strengthen that state. At the same time, increasing government oppression of the Jews fueled by anti-Israeli sentiment together with public expressions of antisemitism created an atmosphere of fear and uncertainty.

The Iraqi Jewish community gradually became impoverished because of persecution. Jewish businesses were forced to close in the face of boycotts and arrests of Jewish businessmen. After Jews were prohibited from working in the civil service, skilled and formerly well-paid Jewish civil service employees were driven into poverty and forced to become street peddlers to avoid being arrested for vagrancy. Jewish home values dropped by 80%.[50]

On 19 February 1949, Nuri al-Said acknowledged the bad treatment that the Jews had been victims of in Iraq during the recent months. He warned that unless Israel behaved itself, events might take place concerning the Iraqi Jews.[58]

History of the Jews in Iraq - Wikipedia

en.m.wikipedia.org

​

 

[Sixties Fan]

Since the film ‘ Remember Baghdad’ was made, the number of Jews in Iraq has gone down from five to three. The film, commissioned by David Dangoor, has been seen by thousands. Now it is likely to be seen by millions on Netflix. We republish a 2017 review by Lyn Julius in Jewish Renaissance:

On New Year’s Eve 1946, a young Jewish couple were among the guests at a Benefit Ball in the Iraqi Flying Club. A beauty pageant was taking place: the King of Iraq approached the 21-year old Renée Dangoor, and invited her to take part.

Renée won the contest. Her hand-coloured image of radiant beauty, complete with victory sash, is presently being referenced by 2,700 Arabic websites on Google.

Who would have believed, in the bomb-ravaged, sectarian Iraq of today, that a Jewess could have been crowned Miss Baghdad 1947? “Who is even going to believe,” says Edwin Shuker in the new documentary Remember Baghdad,” that there were Jews in Iraq?”

Edwin Shuker is one of the main characters in the film. The opening sequence shows him leaving his home in north London to catch a flight to Erbil, the capital of Kurdistan in northern Iraq, in a bid to
show that Jews still have a stake in Iraq. Later, we see Edwin in a Baghdadi taxi excitedly giving directions to his driver to find the Shuker family house.
They had abandoned it in haste 46 years earlier.

In a region where the jihadists of Islamic State are just kilometres away, to return to Iraq is a brave, if foolhardy, thing for a Jew to do. Of 140,000 Jews in 1948, only five Jews remain in Iraq in an atmosphere of rampant antisemitism.

This community goes back to Babylonian times when captives from Judea were taken as slaves to the land of the two rivers and remained there for 2,600 years.

The Babylonian Jews had a seminal impact on Judaism as we know it. Yet in 2017, the community is to all intents and purposes extinct, its members driven into exile.

Remember Baghdad started out as a film commissioned by Renée Dangoor’s son David about a group of Iraqi Jews who have been meeting weekly in London over three decades to play volleyball together. Director Fiona Murphy has taken the story to a new level, combining raw material of home movies, family photos and first-person testimonies with rare archive footage – to build a cinematic record of a lost world.

What motivated Fiona, of mixed Jewish-Irish parentage, to make this film?

” The lives of my parents’ families closed down as the British Empire shattered: my father’s community was thrown out of Ireland and my mother’s fled Jamaica. I grew up in London, conscious that people suffer for the crimes of generations long gone.

“So when I was between films and was offered a job cataloguing an extraordinary archive of early home movies belonging to an Iraqi-Jewish family I responded vividly to the news that the Jews of Iraq did well under the British, and paid for it. The end of the British Empire was not the only strand that bound their stories together with mine. My mother’s family was ethnically Jewish. And while that was where the historical similarities ended, the smiling faces in the archive and the stark fact that only five Jews remain in Iraq today, awakened my own sense of loss.

“At first I just wanted to convey the pain of losing your home. It seemed important, now, right now, to push back at the narrowness of our news, dominated by discussion of economic migrants, desperate refugees and the difficulties of integrating immigrants. The older stories were laments about the pain of exile: “It’s a Long Long Way to Tipperary”, and “By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down and wept”. I wanted to show that that migrants travel with heavy hearts, give them a voice, and bring back the world that was lost. I knew this must be my next film.”

Fiona Murphy’s film is being released exactly 100 years after the British invaded what was once Mesopotamia, throwing three Ottoman provinces together to form modern Iraq. One of the country’s chief architects was the British intelligence officer Gertrude Bell, also the subject of a documentary being released this year : Letters from Baghdad.

Often described as a female Lawrence of Arabia, Bell was a woman in a man’s world. She was the moving force behind the crowning of Emir Faisal as king of Iraq and saw the able, multilingual, educated, and increasingly westernised, Jews as the lynchpin of the brave new Iraq she wanted to create.

“Remember Baghdad “interviews the broadcaster Salim Fattal, the writer Eli Amir, and other survivors of the two-day rampage of June 1941 which followed the overthrow of the pro-British government in Iraq – an orgy of killing, rape and looting. After Iraq introduced a state of emergency in 1948, punishing its Jews for the establishment of Israel, it was primarily fear of another Farhud that spurred 120,000 Jews to leave Iraq for Israel when they had the chance in 1950 – 51. The price they paid was to be stripped of their citizens’ rights and dispossessed of their property.

Although Iraq remained an implacable enemy of Israel, life for the 6,000 remaining Jews continued as one long round of parties and picnics by the river Tigris. The brutal slaughter of the king and his ministers in 1958, their bodies dragged through the streets of Baghdad, came as a shock, but still the Jews did not leave. When they wanted to, in the 1960s, it was too late. By the time the Six-Day war broke out, Jews were effectively hostages of the Ba’ath regime.

The film relates the vengeful terror experienced by the remaining Jews, who witnessed the public hangings of nine of their co-religionists in January 1969 on trumped-up spying charges.

Danny Dallal’s uncle was executed six months later. Scores of Jews disappeared. Danny and Edwin were among the 2,000 desperate Jews smuggled out of Iraq into Iran by Kurds in the early 1970s. They left everything behind.

(full article online)

‘Remember Baghdad’ film is now on Netflix • Point of No Return

Since the film ‘ Remember Baghdad’ was made, the number of Jews in Iraq has gone down from five to three. The film, commissioned by David Dangoor, has been seen by thousands. Now it is likely to be seen by millions on Netflix. We republish a 2017 review by Lyn Julius in Jewish Renaissance: On […]

www.jewishrefugees.org.uk

 

[Sixties Fan]

Today We Remember The Farhud​

The Farhud was the massacre of Jews in Baghdad, Iraq, by Arab nationalists who were influenced by the Nazis. It took place between June 1 and June 2, 1941. Hundreds of innocent Jews were murdered, while thousands more were brutally injured. Jewish property was also pillaged during the Jewish holiday of Shavuot. Arab leaders, including the Palestinian Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini, were among the central instigators of the violence in Baghdad. May the memories of the victims forever be a blessing.​

 

[Sixties Fan]

This week we remember the Hebron Massacre, which took place on August 24, 1929. The massacre was a result of the incitement promoted by Palestinian Arab leader Haj Amin al-Husseini, who spread deadly lies about Jews planning to destroy the Al Aqsa mosque and called for violence. Nearly 70 Jews were brutally murdered during this attack, and the rest of Hebron's Jewish residents were ethnically cleansed at the time. Today, less than 1,000 Jews live in small protected neighborhoods surrounding the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron and over 7,000 live in the town of Kiryat Arba about 1 mile away. Over 200,000 Palestinians live in the city, which unfortunately remains a key flashpoint in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

 

[Roudy]

Most of the problems between Jews and Arab Muslims are because of the duplicity of the British and Haj Husseini who was Hitler’s Mufti.

Hitler's Mufti

Recent work by historians and apologists has revealed that an influential, international religious leader was also an ardent supporter of Adolf Hitler. His name was not Pope Pius XII but Hajj Amin al-Husseini.

www.catholic.com

 

[surada]

1920

The Violence Begins

1920/1921. Riots. Amin Al-Husseini becomes lead figure in organizing riots against locals. Amin Al-Husseini begins life-long campaign of inciting hate between Jews and Muslims under British Mandate of Palestine. He begins rule of terror over local Muslim leaders, who denounce him as an ignorant thug. [iv]

Amin Al Husseini: Father of Jihad, Al Qaeda, Arafat, Saddam Hussein and the Muslim Brotherhood

So now it's the mufti, not Hitler and the Nazis.

 

[Rigby5]

[ Which Arab Clan became the leader of the Arabs in Mandate for Palestine, post the Ottoman Empire defeat, shows what a difference power and leadership makes.
One clan wanted to live with the Jews in the recreation of their ancient Nation, the other wanted all Jews gone. The latter one fought, killed or expelled the leaders of the clans who were against his plans. The consequences to the Mandate for Palestine, the Jews and the Arabs themselves have been catastrophic for both sides.
His reach and influence in delaying the Jewish dream until 1948 can be seen from the riots he created in 1920 to later efforts even outside the Mandate for Palestine ]


Jews had thrived in Iraq for 2,700 years, a thousand years before Muhammad. But all that came to end when the mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini, led the broad Arab-Nazi alliance in the Holocaust that produced a military, economic, political, and ideological common cause with Hitler. Although Husseini spearheaded an international pro-Nazi, anti-Jewish Islamic movement from India to Central Europe to the Middle East, it was in Baghdad — a 1,000-kilometer drive from Jerusalem — that he launched his robust coordination with the Third Reich.

In 1941, Iraq still hosted Britain’s Anglo-Persian Oil Company, which controlled the region’s oil. Hitler wanted that oil to propel his invasion of Russia. The Arabs, led by Husseini, wanted the Jews out of Palestine and Europe’s persecuted Jews kept away from the Middle East. Indeed, Husseini persuasively argued to Hitler that Jews should not be expelled to Palestine but rather to “Poland,” where “they will be under active control.” Translation: send Jews to the concentration camps. Husseini had visited concentration camps. He had been hosted by architect of the genocide Heinrich Himmler, and the mufti considered Shoah engineer Adolf Eichmann not only a great friend, but a “diamond” among men.

Nazi lust for oil and Arab hatred of Jews combined synergistically June 1–2, 1941, burning the Farhud into history. Arab soldiers, police, and hooligans, swearing allegiance to the mufti and Hitler, bolstered by fascist coup plotters known as the Golden Square, ran wild in the streets, raping, shooting, burning, dismembering, and decapitating. Jewish blood flowed through those streets and their screams created echoes that have never faded.

The 1941 Farhud massacre, which was launched in tandem with an attempted takeover of the British oil fields and London’s airbase at Habbaniya, set the stage for the Mufti-Hitler summit and the establishment of three Islamic and Arab Waffen SS divisions in central Europe under Himmler’s direct sponsorship. After the State of Israel was established in 1948, mufti adherents and devotees throughout the Arab world, working through the Arab League, openly and systematically expelled 850,000 Jews from Morocco to Lebanon. Penniless and stateless, many of those refugees were airlifted to Israel where they were absorbed and became almost half the families of Israel.

(full article online)

Why International Farhud Day Stymies Invented Palestinian History



The Farhud, Baghdad, 1941. Photo: Jewish Museum London

Ridiculous hyperbole.
The Mufti was insignificant.

The anti Jews riots only lasted a day, and the death toll was only 200.
It was more anti British than anti Jew.

 

[Rigby5]

Most of the problems between Jews and Arab Muslims are because of the duplicity of the British and Haj Husseini who was Hitler’s Mufti.

Hitler's Mufti

Recent work by historians and apologists has revealed that an influential, international religious leader was also an ardent supporter of Adolf Hitler. His name was not Pope Pius XII but Hajj Amin al-Husseini.

www.catholic.com

No, the main problem was that the Zionists violated immigration quotas and UN weapons embargos, and started killing people.
Why else would they kill the British peacekeepers by blowing up the King David Hotel?
Why else gun down Folke Bernadotte the UN moderator?
Who do you think wiped out hundreds of Arab villages like Deir Yassin?

 

[Rigby5]

What are you trying to say.
In your own words.

The reality is it was a minor event, and was more anti-British than anti-Jew.
The official death toll was 200, not the 600 you claimed.

 

[Rigby5]

This week we remember the Hebron Massacre, which took place on August 24, 1929. The massacre was a result of the incitement promoted by Palestinian Arab leader Haj Amin al-Husseini, who spread deadly lies about Jews planning to destroy the Al Aqsa mosque and called for violence. Nearly 70 Jews were brutally murdered during this attack, and the rest of Hebron's Jewish residents were ethnically cleansed at the time. Today, less than 1,000 Jews live in small protected neighborhoods surrounding the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron and over 7,000 live in the town of Kiryat Arba about 1 mile away. Over 200,000 Palestinians live in the city, which unfortunately remains a key flashpoint in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

​

Wrong.
The Hebron Riots was deliberately started by Zionist who murdered an Arab strawberry vendor over price.
The natives had no arms, and the immigrant Zionists were well armed, so about 200 were killed on each side.
It was NOT a "massacre" because the Jews started it, were better armed, and killed more people.

 

[rylah]

So now it's the mufti, not Hitler and the Nazis.

'Amalek comes in many shapes.

The end is always a high tree.

 

[Roudy]

Ridiculous hyperbole.
The Mufti was insignificant.

The anti Jews riots only lasted a day, and the death toll was only 200.
It was more anti British than anti Jew.

Actually ignoramus, prior to the Mufti, Jews and Arabs were coexisting with each other.

 

[Sayaras]

[ Here is a background of how Al- Husseini went from becoming the Mufti of Jerusalem and his attacks on Jews during the Mandate, to leading the attacks on Jews in Iraq]

Born in 1893 under Ottoman Rule

1914-1917

Husseini’s First Taste of Jihad

Allegiance to Ottoman Empire

Amin Al Husseini: Ottoman Empire Officer

Amin Al-Husseini swears allegiance to the Ottoman Empire during the Armenian genocideAmin Al Husseini: Nazi Father of Jihad, Al Qaeda, Arafat, Saddam Hussein and the Muslim Brotherhood - Tell The Children The Truth - Homepage .[ii] He is an officer stationed in Smyrna and participates first-hand in the Armenian genocide. One and a half million Christians are slaughtered under the sword of Islamic Jihad by the Ottoman Army. Allegiance to Ottoman Empire and Islamic world take-over will be echoed by Osama Bin Laden in his post-September 11th declaration[iii]

Amin Al Husseini: Father of Jihad, Al Qaeda, Arafat, Saddam Hussein and the Muslim Brotherhood

Archived link:

Tell The Children The Truth - Homepage

 

[Sixties Fan]

 

[surada]

1928

Husseini Joins Muslim Brotherhood

Muslim Brotherhood established in Egypt by Hassan El Banna[viii]in 1928. Amin Al-Husseini becomes a central member and ideological inspiration[ix] for the Muslim Brotherhood. Mother organization for today’s Egyptian Islamic Jihad and Hamas[x] . The Muslim Brotherhood preaches Wahhabi Islam[xi] , which justifies violent means to rid the ‘Muslim world’ of its non-Islamic element. It envisions a Pan-Islamic Empire, where strict Islamic law rules over all.

Amin Al Husseini: Father of Jihad, Al Qaeda, Arafat, Saddam Hussein and the Muslim Brotherhood

Muslim Brotherhood is the opposite of wahhabi... They competed. Who wrote this?

Competing models of the modern Islamic state: Wahhabi vs. Muslim Brotherhood ideologies

n the aftermath of the Arab Spring, with the success of the Political Islam movements to seize power in some countries, such as Egypt and Tunisia, the problematic of the Islamic state was raised and ignited serious conflict between Islamists and seculars. Nevertheless, another hidden conflict...

fount.aucegypt.edu

 

[Sixties Fan]

 

[Sixties Fan]