without AA no white would even hire a black person. The studies prove that.
Racial Bias Seen in Hiring of Waiters - NYTimes.com
All those black men and women who had good jobs prior to affirmative action would not agree. What affirmative action did was create an impression that black people were automatically unqualified and only achieved because it was given to them by affirmative action. It should never have happened that way, but it did and it seems to be getting worse, not better.
If you read the article the applicant most likely to be hired is a European with an accent. To my personal knowlege European men take being a waiter very seriously and consider themselves professionals and act like it.