Profile
Puntland area in SomaliaMost pirates are aged 20-35 years old and come from the region of Puntland, a region in northeastern Somalia. The East African Seafarers' Association estimates that there are at least five pirate gangs and a total of 1,000 armed men.[45] According to a BBC report, the pirates can be divided into three main categories:
Local fishermen, considered the brains of the pirates' operations due to their skill and knowledge of the sea.
Ex-militiamen who used to fight for the local clan warlords, used as the muscle.
Technical experts who operate high-tech equipment such as the GPS systems.[46]
[edit] Background to piracy
Precise data on the economic situation in Somalia is scarce but with an estimated per capita GDP of $600/year, it remains one of the world's poorest countries.[47] Millions of Somalis depend on food aid and in 2008, according to the World Bank, as much as 73% of the population lived on a daily income below $2.[48][49] These factors and the lucrative success of many hijacking operations have drawn a number of young men toward gangs of pirates whose wealth and strength often make them part of the local social and economic elite. A resident of Garoowe quoted by the BBC said "They have money; they have power and they are getting stronger by the day. [...] They wed the most beautiful girls; they are building big houses; they have new cars; new guns.""[46]
[edit] Effects and perceptions
There have been both positive and negative effects of the pirates' economic success. Local residents have complained that the presence of so many armed men makes them feel insecure, and that their freespending ways cause wild fluctuations in the local exchange rate. Others fault them for excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages and khat.[46]
On the other hand, many other residents appreciate the rejuvenating effect that the pirates' on-shore spending and re-stocking has had on their impoverished towns, a presence which has oftentimes provided jobs and opportunity when there were none. Entire hamlets have in the process been transformed into veritable boomtowns, with local shop owners and other residents using their gains to purchase items such as generators -- allowing full days of electricity, once an unimaginable luxury.[19]
[edit] Weaponry and funding
The pirates get most of their weapons from Yemen, but a significant amount comes from Mogadishu, Somalia's capital. Weapons dealers in the capital receive a deposit from a hawala dealer on behalf of the pirates and the weapons are then driven to Puntland where the pirates pay the balance.[46] Various photographs of pirates in situ indicate that their weapons are predominantly AK47 assault rifles, RPG-7 rocket launchers and semi-automatic pistols. Additionally, given the particular origin of their weaponry, they are likely to have handgrenades such as the RGD-5.
Pirates say ransom money, when paid, arrives in burlap sacks that are sometimes dropped from helicopters or cased in waterproof suitcases loaded onto tiny skiffs in the rumbling, shark-infested waters. To authenticate the money, the pirates use currency-counting machines, the same technology used at foreign exchange bureaus worldwide. According to one pirate, these machines are, in turn, purchased from business connections in Dubai, Djibouti, and other areas.[19]
Piracy in Somalia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia