And that is the devil in the details right there.
The folks in the city don't have an option whether to pay or not for fire service. Taxes are applied to every household to cover fire service, police protection, etc. etc. etc. They pay their taxes or the city or county takes the house and sells it for whatever they can get. The homeowner does get whatever is left over after the taxes are retrieved IF there is anything left over.
But people who don't buy insurance on purpose have nobody to blame but themselves if they need the insurance and don't have it. The principle behind this incident with the fire deparment may seem cruel and unconscionable to tender hearted people. I don't know if I could stand by and not try to put out the fire if I was one of those firemen. But the hard truth is, if people get the service whether or not they choose to pay, it won't be long before nobody has any service. Somebody who wanted $75 more than they wanted the insurance is not likely to have $15,000 to pay for the service after the fact, especially when they are facing serious home repairs due to the fire.
Most homeowners including this one have insurance that would be happy to pay that $15,000 vs paying off the entire home & contents. If they don't pay, put a lean on the property.
As far as $15k not being enough per fire on 1 in 200 homes. It is more than they are collecting if they all pay $75. The town will make far more with that $15k surcharge than they will watching houses burn & losing residents. It is a simple business decision that they screwed up.
Towns assess values to homes and charge taxes accordingly to pay for services like fire protection. And towns have no qualms whatsoever confiscating the house if the homeowner doesn't pony up those taxes. So the homeowner will be without a home just the same.
But in this case we don't have a town. We have a large unincorporated area in which the homeowners apparently chose not to organize a rural fire department but did form a contractual agreement with the city for fire protection in return for fees paid by the homeowners. It is all well and good to say that the homeowner should agree to pay the $15k when his house catches on fire, but in fact there is absolutely no means the city will have to collect it once the fire is out. They will have no legal claim on the property, no means of assessing taxes, no legal way to collect on a bill for services sent if the homeowner then admits he doesn't have $15k and no means to borrow it. And if the homeowner skips out on agreed payments, then that is that.
Again it works like any other insurance. And no insurance company will stay in business for long if it accepts payment for policies after the loss has been incurred or the claim filed.
We all are bleeding hearts with sympathy for that errant homeowner and contempt for a fire department that didn't put out the fire. But the brutal truth is that they were promoting the general welfare and ensuring that other homeowners would continue to have fire protection by not doing so.