Childhood diabetes, teenage obesity, chronic depression and heart disease: What do these ailments have in common? According to Annie Murphy Paul's explosive new book, "
Origins: How the Nine Months Before Birth Shape the Rest of Our Lives," these conditions all originate, at least partially, in the womb.
We've all heard about thalidomide exposure and fetal alcohol syndrome, but in recent years, the burgeoning science of "fetal origins" has made some surprising discoveries about how conditions in the uterus can affect a grown person's health.
Veteran science writer Murphy Paul offers compelling examples. Pregnant women who were close to the Twin Towers on 9/11 and developed post traumatic stress disorder, for example, gave birth to babies with low levels of cortisol, a hormone that regulates stress. Women who are depressed while pregnant are likelier to deliver premature babies with low birth weights. These scientific discoveries reinforce the notion that, while a personÂ’s genetic code offers a template for development, the conditions in the womb fine-tune the expression of those genes. It is the perfect welding of nature and nurture.
Salon spoke to Murphy Paul from her home in New Haven, Conn., about the science of the womb -- and the risk factors you probably didn't know about.