In the early hours of June 6, 1944, in the middle of the night, the 8th and 9th Air Force of the USAAF belonging to the 2nd Tactical Air Force, supported by British bombers and allies (and in particular French), are charged, within the framework of Operation Neptune, to silence all the important objectives identified in the months prior to D-Day by reconnaissance aircraft. Thus, 360 heavy bombers supported by 269 light bombers fly over convoys of warships and transport that are heading to the Normandy coast.
These devices attack the fortifications of the Atlantic Wall, despite the presence of many clouds, which handicap the identification of targets. 92 radar stations are bombed, from the tip of Barfleur to Le Havre, so that the allied armada is not noticed by the radio operators of the
Kriegsmarine . 74 stations are destroyed by the aviation, the operation is rather a success.
But the bombing of some targets on the coast (artillery batteries, support batteries, fortified points), turns out to be a relatively difficult operation.
Indeed, the heavy cloud mass hinders the crews of the bombers. 67 bombers cancel their mission because of the bad weather, while the others try somehow to accomplish their mission.
The coast between Ouistreham in the east and Asnelles-sur-Mer in the west, all the beaches planned for the landing of Anglo-Canadian troops (
Sword Beach in the east,
Juno Beach in the center and
Gold Beach to the west), is bombed by Allied aircraft, and many targets are destroyed or damaged. Utah's US beach area is also heavily bombed, including Cotentin coastal artillery batteries in Azeville and Crisbecq.
But between Longues-sur-Mer in the east, and Grandcamp-Maisy in the west, the targets have not been reached, or very little, by the bombings. A beach of landing is located in this sector, it is about Omaha Beach, which must land at dawn the elements of the 1st and 29th American infantry divisions. According to the reports of the different air groups deployed to bomb this area, the presence of clouds complicated the task they were given, and it took only one or two seconds for the bombs to be dropped several kilometers away. their goals. Thus, coastal artillery batteries located near the localities of Longues-sur-Mer and Maisy are practically intact despite the bombing, as well as the 8 fortified points of the beach of Omaha Beach. The Allies do not know it yet,
Review of the bombings
Since May 1944, shelling on the northwestern quarter has increased, mainly targeting road and rail targets.
With the help of the destruction carried out by the French resistance, the Allies launched numerous raids over Normandy, which resulted in relatively small destruction for the resources committed. Some sites were crushed under the bombs, others did not have the slightest scratch. These disparities were felt in the hours following the bombardments, when the Allied troops landed in front of the Atlantic Wall, supposed to have been largely destroyed, but which in some places was still in perfect condition.
Aerial bombing in Normandy
It's easy to point fingers, but actual execution wasn't all that easy. It has been said that the US Navy wanted the Army Air Corps to wait until the bombers had reached the beaches before dropping any ordnance, for fear of bombing our own ships. Which meant a lot of bombs were dropped too far in-land and di no damage to the German artillery positions.