P F Tinmore, et al,
You are confused.
The Mandates never annexed or otherwise gained possession of the mandated territories. They had no land or borders of their own.
(COMMENT)
The territorial boundaries applicable to the four major Mandates in the region were documented by international agreements as stipulated in
Post #436 supra. The Anglo-French Convention of the 23rd December, 1920 is still the pillar document that encompasses the boundaries as revisited in the
Special Report of 1932.
The Mandates were temporally assigned to hold defined territories in trust on behalf of the people.
(COMMENT)
The purpose, goals and limitation of each mandate is spelled-out in each of the respective mandates.
"The various Mandates or "charters" adopted by the Council comprise a collection of provisions defining the manner in which the principles laid down by the Covenant are to be applied. Under the terms of the latter, the degree of authority or control to be exercised by the Mandatory varies according to the character of the territory."
SOURCE: PART II. THE PRINCIPLES OF THE MANDATORY REGIME --- Section 2 Mandates and Charters ---
Series of League of Nations Publications VI.A. MANDATES 1945. VI.A. 1
In addition to the regular boilerplate for Class "A" Mandates and Charters, the Mandate for Palestine was different in that:
"The
Palestine Mandate is of a very special character. While it follows the main lines laid down by the Covenant for "A" Mandates, it also contains a number of provisions designed to apply the policy defined by the "Balfour Declaration" of November 2nd, 1917. By this declaration, the British Government had announced its intention to encourage the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing should be done which might prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country. The Mandate reproduces the Balfour Declaration almost in full in its preamble and states that "recognition has thereby been given to the historical connection of the Jewish people with Palestine and to the grounds for reconstituting their national home in that country".
SOURCE: PART II. THE PRINCIPLES OF THE MANDATORY REGIME --- Section 2 Mandates and Charters ---
Series of League of Nations Publications VI.A. MANDATES 1945. VI.A. 1
"The people" were defined by international law and reiterated by the Treaty of Lausanne. In the defined territory of Palestine that would be the Palestinians. "The People" have the inherent, inalienable right to self determination, independence and sovereignty, and territorial integrity.
The mandates had procedures, goals, and end times specified in the LoN Covenant.
(COMMENT)
Nowhere in the five Parts to the Treaty of Lausanne is the "Right of Self-Determination" mentioned. Nowhere in the five Parts to the Treaty of Lausanne is Palestine mentioned. Nowhere in the five Parts to the Treaty of Lausanne are inherent or inalienable rights discussed at all.
The Orders in Council, the Citizenship Order, and the Mandate are the principle documenters that cover the administration of the Mandates; and in no way infringe on the Arab Palestinians civil or religious rights (which are the only two rights stipulated in these documents). While the Arab Palestinian may have been subject to --- it should be noted that the Arab Palestinian was never a party (signatory) to any of the Treaties, Covenants, Mandates, or Council Orders. And, the Arab Palestinian declined several times to become involved and have a voice in the administration of the territory to which the Mandate applied:
22. Later in 1923, a third attempt was made to establish an institution through which the Arab population of Palestine could be brought into cooperation with the government. The mandatory Power now proposed “the establishment of an Arab Agency in Palestine which will occupy a position exactly analogous to that accorded to the Jewish Agency”. The Arab Agency would have the right to be consulted on all matters relating to immigration, on which it was recognised that “the views of the Arab community were entitled to special consideration”. The Arab leaders declined that this offer on the ground that it would not satisfy the aspirations of the Arab people. They added that, never having recognised the status of the Jewish Agency, they had no desire for the establishment of an Arab Agency on the same basis.
SOURCE: Political History of Palestine under British Administration
It was very obvious that the Arab Palestinian did not want to participate in the governance process, or a deliberative dialog and decision making process which listens all voices and diverse perspectives (Arab and Jewish) to enact meaningful change. Nor did they want to be involved with Article 22 administrative advice and assistance by a Mandatory until such time as they are able to stand alone.
The 1945
UN Charter [Article I (2)] stipulates that a purpose of the UN Organization is to develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace; but does not define self-determination as a inherent and unalienable right. The
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (A/RES/3/217 A), 10 December 1948, adopted by the UN General Assembly, outlines the common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society. The right to self determination, independence and sovereignty, and territorial integrity are part of the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States
[A/RES/25/2625 (XXV)] of 1970. These rights are enunciated well after the creation of Mandates and the era which ended the Mandates; in fact it comes after the 1967 War.
In terms of the duration of a mandate, Article 22 said: "Mandatory
until such time as they are able to stand alone." While the mandate has terminated (in a sense) the 1988 State of Palestine has yet to demonstrate that it can "stand alone." Palestine is a parasitic country that survives on donor nation contributions. It has yet to change governments in a peaceful manner in accordance with their basic law.
Most Respectfully,
R
