The
international community considers the establishment of
Israeli settlements in the
Israeli-occupied territories illegal under international law,
[1][2][3][4][5] however
Israel maintains that they are consistent with international law
[6] because it does not agree that the
Fourth Geneva Convention applies to the territories occupied in the 1967
Six-Day War.
[7] The
United Nations Security Council, the
United Nations General Assembly, the
International Committee of the Red Cross, the
International Court of Justice and the
High Contracting Parties to the Convention have all affirmed that the Fourth Geneva Convention does apply.
[8][9]
Numerous UN resolutions have stated that the building and existence of Israeli settlements in the
West Bank,
East Jerusalem and the
Golan Heights are a violation of international law, including UN Security Council resolutions in 1979 and 1980.
[10][11][12] UN Security Council Resolution 446 refers to the
Fourth Geneva Convention as the applicable international legal instrument, and calls upon Israel to desist from transferring its own population into the territories or changing their demographic makeup. The reconvened Conference of the High Contracting Parties to the Geneva Conventions has declared the settlements illegal
[13] as has the primary judicial organ of the UN, the
International Court of Justice[14] and the
International Committee of the Red Cross.
The position of successive Israeli governments is that all authorized settlements are entirely legal and consistent with international law,
[15] despite Israel's armistice agreements having all being with High Contracting Parties.
[16] In practice, Israel does not accept that the Fourth Geneva Convention applies
de jure, but has stated that on humanitarian issues it will govern itself
de facto by its provisions, without specifying which these are.
[17][18] The majority of legal scholars hold the settlements to violate international law, while others have offered dissenting views supporting the Israeli position.
[2]
International law and Israeli settlements - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia