The testimony of defectors shatters the Islamic Stateās image āas a united, cohesive and ideologically committed organization,ā says the report, published Monday by the Institute for Strategic Dialogue and the International Center for the Study of Radicalization and Political Violence (ICSR) at Kingās College London. ICSR urged governments to remove ālegal disincentivesā that dissuade defectors from going public and to help with resettlement and safety issues, arguing that defectorsā voices can be a powerful counterweight to the Islamic Stateās slick propaganda. āWe donāt think all defectors are saints, or supporters of liberal democracy, or model citizens,ā said Peter Neumann, the head of ICSR. āBut their narratives and arguments are still valuable because they are speaking from a position of authority and experience and credibility that no one else has.ā
Titled āVictims, Perpetrators, Assets: The Narratives of Islamic State Defectors,ā the report relied on previously published accounts of several dozen people who have left the organization, including testimony from seven women. According to the researchers, the defectors who have opted to go public represent just the tip of the iceberg, with the vast majority who manage to leave simply walking away quietly. Authorities here estimate that half of the 700 Britons who have left to join the Islamic State have returned to the United Kingdom. Of the defectors surveyed by the researchers, two were British. The reasons for leaving are varied, the report said. Defectors expressed outrage over brutality toward Sunni Muslims and frustration about infighting and behaviors deemed un-Islamic.
A photograph taken from a video released on Jan. 4, 2014, by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levantās al-Furqan Media allegedly shows fighters marching at an undisclosed location.
Others found their duties ādullā and lacking the kind if glamorous heroism they expected the battlefield would bring. Others still were disappointed by daily life in the Islamic Stateās self-declared ācaliphate,ā which covers large swaths of Iraq and Syria and where issues such as electricity shortages represent a reality markedly different from the paradise peddled by the Islamic Stateās propaganda. āA small but significant number of the defectors expressed disappointment about living conditions and the quality of life. They were typically among the ones who had joined the group for material and āselfishā reasons, and quickly realized that none of the luxury goods and cars that they had been promised would materialize,ā the report said.
The researchers said they were concerned about the accuracy of the accounts, given that defectors may conclude that anything they say could come back to haunt them in court ā or worse. But the researchers said that for the most part, ātheir narratives have been so strong and consistent that we are confident that our broader assessments remain valid.ā One such defector, a 33-year-old Iraqi identified as āHamzaā by the Independent newspaper, told the paper in March that he quit ISIS after being asked to help with executions and being offered 13 Yazidi girls for sex. āThese scenes terrified me. I imagined myself being caught up in these shootings, executions, beheadings and raping, if I stayed where I was,ā he told the paper.
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