The 4 nucleotides (Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thymine) are the alphabet of the genetic code, which is the language of the recipe book.
Each word in the language of genetics is 3 letters long and is called a codon. A sentence composed of codons spells out the ingredients needed to make a protein.
The ingredients of proteins are molecules called amino acids.
Only 20 different amino acids needed to make all the proteins in the body. Each 3-letter code represents the instruction to add a particular amino acid.
A lot of the amino acids used come from the food we eat, whilst others are made in the by our own cells. Those that we can make ourselves are called non-essential amino acids, whilst those we get from our diet are essential amino acids.
There are some codons in the genetic code that don’t stand for an amino acid. Instead they’re like the capital letter at the beginning of a sentence and the full stop at the end. They’re called the start and stop codons and indeed tell the machinery making the protein to start and stop building.
The genetic code - the language of genetics
DNA contains the genetic instructions for all living organisms
Our bodies are made up of some five trillion cells with a multitude of functions. Within the nucleus of almost every one of these cells are long molecules called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA is like an organic blueprint or book of recipes. Your DNA is a genetic code that contains all the instructions needed to make an organism like you, to renew your cells and to keep your body functioning properly.
Nucleotides are the ‘rungs’ in the twisting ladder of DNA molecules. The long chains of DNA form the ‘words’ and ‘sentences’ of your genetic code
The language of life
DNA molecules are found within the nuclei of your cells and are really long chains of building blocks called nucleotides. These chains form the iconic twisting ladder structure (the double-helix) that was discovered by the Nobel laureates Francis Crick and James Watson in 1953. Nucleotides are the ‘rungs’ in the twisting ladder of DNA molecules. The long chains of DNA form the ‘words’ and ‘sentences’ of your genetic code, in which nucleotides are the ‘letters’. Nucleotides come in four different versions, adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine, usually represented by the letters A, T, C and G, respectively. The human genetic code consists of about 3 billion of these four kinds of nucleotides. Each of your cells contains two copies of this genetic code, one inherited from your mother and the other from your father.
DNA The Code of Life | The Language of Life | deCODEme
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