The only time you should ever give someone information over the phone is if you initiate the contact.
For instance, a friend of mine received a phone call from the IRS. They asked him questions which, at the time, seemed very direct but, with the benefit of hindsight, were actually vague. When he was asked to verify his social security number he said "Sure", and then said nothing. He was waiting for the caller to read it to him so he could confirm it. The caller said that my friend was required to state the number. He didn't, of course, and he hung up the phone.
It didn't need to ever go even that far, though, simply because it's pretty common knowledge that the IRS will never call you (or text you). You have to call them...