Education Requirements
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) notes that most plumbers are trained through apprenticeships, because these programs offer the most comprehensive training in the field (
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). Apprenticeships may be available through local branches of contractor organizations and unions, like the National Association of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors and the United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipefitting Industry. Programs generally last 4-5 years and couple in-class instruction with paid, on-the-job training.
In-Class Instruction
Classroom training generally lasts between 500 and 750 hours. Coursework begins with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) safety training courses. First-year requirements may also include completing first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training. Thereafter, apprentices take courses in mathematics, blueprint reading and plumbing basics, including instruction on pipes, valves and fittings. Intermediate courses in apprenticeship programs often cover a host of topics ranging from gas lines to bathtubs.
On-the-Job Training
Most apprenticeships require completing 7,500-8,000 hours of on-the-job training. Working with journeymen and master plumbers, apprentices learn to cut holes in studs, walls and floors, as well as install piping and fixtures. They're trained to use soldering irons and power tools, like reciprocating saws. Additionally, apprentices receive instruction in plumbing and building codes, dealing with clients and answering questions for inspectors.
Licensing
Once formal training is complete, apprentices become journeymen plumbers. Most states require journeymen plumbers to be licensed. Although requirements vary, the BLS reports that most states require 2-5 years of experience and successful completion of a state board examination. Continuing education is generally required in order to keep the license current.
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