They weren't decided in the Santa Clara case....It was sneaked in by a clerk, as Yurt very nicely pointed out. I haven't said that there wasn't chicanery involved, just that this is how the decision has been (wrongly) interpreted and applied.Not misread at all...It's merely an intended interpretation of the 14th Amendment. Corporate personhoodBut it's misread, and misused. since you have made the claim - repeatedly - please be kind enough to explain in detail where Santa Clara holds that corporations (or unions, etc.) are entitled to the privileges and immunities of citizenship under the 14th.
That decision dovetails with the passage of 16 Stat 419, in 1871, which created the corporation known as "District of Columbia".
Subsequently, under the auspices of statutory law, the feds became the be-all-end-all dispenser of "civil (as opposed to natural and/or God-given inherent) rights".
You keep on about the 14th, Santa Clara and the District of Columbia. Please explain first, where the 14th Amendment issues are decided in Santa Clara and second, where the incorporation of the District of Columbia (or any incorporated geographical or municipal unit, for that matter) creates citizenship rights under the 14th for corporations and unions in general. Finally, I'd love to see what one has to do with the other.
The interface between the use of the hijacking of Santa Clara, as it relates to the District of Columbia Corporation dispensing "civil" rights, appears obvious to me...How is it unclear to you?