The Sage of Main Street
Gold Member
Little Countries Cause Many Big WarsMore correct, the Japanese soldiers themselves killed over half the civilians.
The Okinawans had a long and often brutal occupation by Japan and at that time they were still not considered "Japanese" by those on the main islands. They had a different language, a different way of writing, even different religion and cultural beliefs. In most ways they are actually culturally related to China than they were Japan, and were part of China until 1609 when they were invaded by Japan. And for two centuries it was both tied to China as a tributary and to Japan as a vassal state. Until 1868 when Japan annexed it.
And one of the first things they did was to outlaw the use of the native Ryukyu language, either spoken or written. China tried to maintain their presence but when it was made into a prefecture in 1879 they were not even allowed to vote for their own representatives in the Diet. They were instead assigned by Japan. And they were largely treated as an occupied territory, not unlike Korea at the time. And as the Japanese soldiers did not believe that the Okinawans were "Japanese enough" to kill themselves as they should, they took it upon themselves to do it for them whenever they located them.
Or forced them to move in front of them as they conducted their "banzai charges" at the Americans.
Most of that generation is now gone, but when I was there in the 1980s and talking to an older Okinawan you had to be very careful. At that time all Japanese military personnel were actually restricted to their own bases, and those around 50 or older often took offense if they were referred to as "Japanese" instead of "Okinawan". And Japan frequently poked fun of them, regarding them as simple, stupid, and having darker skins and "barely Japanese". That was actually a common stereotype of those from Okinawa in the main islands, not unlike how many in the US consider those in Hawaii.
Thanks to the presence of Japanese media now having been in place for over 7 decades and huge numbers of Japanese moving there and spending winter vacations there that is no longer as common. But in the 1940s it really was almost a different country from Japan. Even those Japanese on Saipan were more "culturally Japanese" as when Japan took the islands during World War I they deported all the Germans that lived there and by 1920 had huge numbers of colonists shipped there. The population there was around 25,000 when the Americans landed, about 2/3 of them ethnically and culturally Japanese and the rest a mic from Taiwan, Korea, and Okinawa. And most of the thousands of civilians that committed suicide there were originally from mainland Japan. Those from other parts of the Empire primarily hid in the jungles and caves, as suicide was simply not part of their cultures.
When I was on Okinawa in 1967, my cabdriver asked if he could listen to the announcement about becoming part of Japan. So I got the impression the Okinawans were pro-Japanese, even if the Japanese had never been pro-Okinawan. Maybe they were oppressed worse when they were part of China.