the Holy Roman Empire. ….

[Zebra]

IN THE BEGINNING (cymbals clang!!!!!) the holy roman empire WAS roman--
----then someone announced ---in Latin---ALL OF GAUL IS DIVIDED IN THREE PARTS-------and the whole miserable mess got progressively GERMAN

german …. and partly french and italian

 

[DudleySmith]

It was much more about the Habsburgs after Rudolf I; from then on it was The Habsburgs Against Everybody Else, Especially France, in Europe right up to the Kaiser Wilhelm II abdication in 1918.

Rudolf I | Holy Roman Emperor & German King

Rudolf I was the first German king of the Habsburg dynasty. A son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, Rudolf on the occasion of his father’s death (c. 1239) inherited lands in upper Alsace, the Aargau, and Breisgau. A partisan of the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperor Frederick II and his son Conrad IV,

www.britannica.com

I kind of like the Habsburgs, when I consider the alternatives.

 

[Zebra]

It was much more about the Habsburgs after Rudolf I; from then on it was The Habsburgs Against Everybody Else, Especially France, in Europe right up to the Kaiser Wilhelm II abdication in 1918.

Rudolf I | Holy Roman Emperor & German King

Rudolf I was the first German king of the Habsburg dynasty. A son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, Rudolf on the occasion of his father’s death (c. 1239) inherited lands in upper Alsace, the Aargau, and Breisgau. A partisan of the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperor Frederick II and his son Conrad IV,

www.britannica.com

I kind of like the Habsburgs, when I consider the alternatives.

good!