According to this site, Israel only claimed, and only has, sovereignty inside the borders specified in resolution 181 and cannot acquire other land by force.
The problem with that is that resolution 181 was rejected by the Security Council. There was no resolution 181. By the end of the 1948 war Israel had legally acquired no land.
By her declaration of statehood and acceptance by the international community as a sovereign state, Israel not only acquired land but also, by virtue of the Arab's failure to recognize Israel's borders, the right to incorporate surrounding territory which was not part of another state.
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