Advances in batteries/energy thread

New solar power material converts 90 percent of captured light into heat

The novel material features a "multiscale" surface created by using particles of many sizes ranging from 10 nanometers to 10 micrometers. The multiscale structures can trap and absorb light which contributes to the material's high efficiency when operated at higher temperatures.

Concentrating solar power (CSP) is an emerging alternative clean energy market that produces approximately 3.5 gigawatts worth of power at power plants around the globe—enough to power more than 2 million homes, with additional construction in progress to provide as much as 20 gigawatts of power in coming years. One of the technology's attractions is that it can be used to retrofit existing power plants that use coal or fossil fuels because it uses the same process to generate electricity from steam.
 
Nickle cloud over Asia? Politico, you are getting as goofball as Billy Boob and Mrs. Elektra.
Sweet, Old Crock is obsessed with me, so upset with me, Old Crock ignores the facts and simply attacks the messenger, how sad Old Crock, I like the post I made in which Old Crock replied, that Non-Destructive testing of Metal is not performed where he worked in Steel, but to be fair, Old Crock simply had no understanding what it takes to make good steel, even though Old Crock worked in Steel Mills. Old Crock could not reply in that thread, nor in dozen others, all Old Crock can do, is throw stones and call me names.

Old Crock, you are a weak-minded fool, I know, you need a link, right;

Google

weak-mind·ed
ˌwēkˈmīndəd/
adjective
  1. lacking determination, emotional strength, or intellectual capacity

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New solar power material converts 90 percent of captured light into heat

The novel material features a "multiscale" surface created by using particles of many sizes ranging from 10 nanometers to 10 micrometers. The multiscale structures can trap and absorb light which contributes to the material's high efficiency when operated at higher temperatures.

Concentrating solar power (CSP) is an emerging alternative clean energy market that produces approximately 3.5 gigawatts worth of power at power plants around the globe—enough to power more than 2 million homes, with additional construction in progress to provide as much as 20 gigawatts of power in coming years. One of the technology's attractions is that it can be used to retrofit existing power plants that use coal or fossil fuels because it uses the same process to generate electricity from steam.
Ivanpah is CSP, a 2.1 billion dollar solar failure, mattpooh is simply dumb, unable to distinguish the truth from the false.
I guess when mattpooh read all these threads, he/she simply did not understand

well, either way, the truth is that all Solar that is being built or installed today, is now Obsolete, yet we are stuck with the High Cost of Solar forever, all installed Solar is Obsolete today.

Nice, kind of like being stuck with a 386 computer running DOS 3.1.

Boy, I wish I still had that old Dial Telephone, had a big circle with numbers, what a great idea, I will simply hook a battery up to it and I can use it forever.

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Now calm down, Mrs. Elektra, no need to wet your panties. Nobody is obsessed with you. We simply correct the nonsense you post.

Wind and solar have surpassed conventional as economical sources of power. Simple fact. The internal and external costs for both are lower than that of conventional or nuclear. External cost far, far lower. In the meantime, if you feel the need, go find a coal fired generation plant, and build a house downwind from it. You can enjoy all the pollution you advocate that way.
 
Affordable Flow Battery Technology Reportedly Being Developed By Vinazene
Affordable Flow Battery Technology Reportedly Being Developed By Vinazene CleanTechnica

December 31st, 2014 by James Ayre
An “affordable” flow battery technology is currently under development by researchers at Ann Arbor–based Vinazene Inc, in partnership with Grand Valley State University’s Michigan Alternative and Renewable Energy Center and its Chemistry Department.

The new project — which is funded by a DOE Phase II Small Business Innovation Research grant — is based around the use of proprietary, high-capacity organic electrolytes. The use of these organic electrolytes, rather than relatively expensive metals like vanadium, is what will reportedly allow for greater “affordability” — to date, the barrier to wide-scale use of flow battery technologies has been their relatively high costs.

Another purported advantage of the use of these proprietary organic electrolytes is the ability to specifically tailor the compounds used for higher solubility (amongst other traits). The Vinazene battery will reportedly have a higher energy density than the more well known vanadium-based systems, owing to this higher solubility.

Based on Vinazene’s website, the researchers involved seem pretty bullish on the technology — but then they often do, don’t they? Still, it sounds like there’s potential there. Perhaps something will come of it.

The researchers mention possible uses in remote military. surveillance, and/or telecommunication sites. Other potential uses include those in greenhouse farming and various types of industrial production facilities.
 
It is affordable! And reportedly being developed!!! How amazing!! But...if it is in the process of being developed...how do we know it is ...affordable?

matthew, have you used this affordable technology to verify these maybes and possibles, or are you just advertising again?
 
Well, that is their claim. And they may be right. Much differant manufacturing and lab created. However, it is an interesting development.
 
Nickle cloud over Asia? Politico, you are getting as goofball as Billy Boob and Mrs. Elektra.
The fact you are arguing when you have no clue how these batteries are made is not surprising. Not that any facts will stop your parroting but here's how it works. Batteries contain lithium, nickel, cobalt and aluminum. Lithium is not a naturally occurring substance. The process of obtaining it pollutes the environment. We don't really have any here so it has to be imported from Argentina and Chile. Same goes for Nickel. That comes from Canada. From there it is shipped via fossil fuels to Japan, China or Korea depending on whether it is being manufactured by Sony or Panasonic who as you certainly don't know produce almost all of them. From there they are shipped back via fossil fuels and put into cars that you don't drive but tell everyone else to, and are recharged each night via more fossil fuels.

To achieve all this stupid the process of making the batteries has resulted in huge clouds of nickel, lead and graphite over these places that be seen from space. It pollutes the water and destroys the Ozone layer. But that's somewhere else so that's ok right? I can guarantee if that shit were hanging over your house you'd be singing a different tune.
 
It is affordable! And reportedly being developed!!! How amazing!! But...if it is in the process of being developed...how do we know it is ...affordable?

matthew, have you used this affordable technology to verify these maybes and possibles, or are you just advertising again?

I haven't used or tested this affordable techonology...I just enjoy reading and posting the latest advancement in science & tech. I feel such subjects improve the board as it is far better than the mindless political crap you see within the political section.
 
Nickle cloud over Asia? Politico, you are getting as goofball as Billy Boob and Mrs. Elektra.
The fact you are arguing when you have no clue how these batteries are made is not surprising. Not that any facts will stop your parroting but here's how it works. Batteries contain lithium, nickel, cobalt and aluminum. Lithium is not a naturally occurring substance. The process of obtaining it pollutes the environment. We don't really have any here so it has to be imported from Argentina and Chile. Same goes for Nickel. That comes from Canada. From there it is shipped via fossil fuels to Japan, China or Korea depending on whether it is being manufactured by Sony or Panasonic who as you certainly don't know produce almost all of them. From there they are shipped back via fossil fuels and put into cars that you don't drive but tell everyone else to, and are recharged each night via more fossil fuels.

To achieve all this stupid the process of making the batteries has resulted in huge clouds of nickel, lead and graphite over these places that be seen from space. It pollutes the water and destroys the Ozone layer. But that's somewhere else so that's ok right? I can guarantee if that shit were hanging over your house you'd be singing a different tune.
Man, you are so full of shit. We have huge reserves of lithium in this nation, in California and Wyoming, and even have minable sources in Nevada and Oregon. No, there are no clouds of nickel hanging over anybody. Clouds of pollution from coal fired plants, but not from nickel, cobalt, or aluminum. You made the claims, so show us a link that backs your claims.
 
You are on crack. You cannot have reserves of something that does not occur naturally.
 
You are on crack. You cannot have reserves of something that does not occur naturally.

Asteroid mining.. You seem to think we're limited to earth?

Besides facilitating space settlements, another key area of exploration for NASA is mining the precious metals embedded in large asteriods, which could be worth millions back here on Earth -- metals like iron, nickel, titanium, platinum group metals, crucial to fuel-cell and clean-tech projects, and rare-earth elements such as lithium, used in batteries and mobile phones. The moon, too, holds troves of mineable resources, such as isotope helium-3, a precious fuel source for future nuclear fusion plants, another key factor in setting up a base there.

Space Mining NASA And Caterpillar CAT Team Up To Harness The Potential Of Mining On Asteroids The Moon And Mars
 
You are on crack. You cannot have reserves of something that does not occur naturally.

Oh please!!! Of course you can!!!

Here are oil reserves. Note…in the picture…it really isn't even oil!! But those are certainly oil reserves, sure as shooting!! You have probably already put them in your gas tank and consumed them no less!

TarSands-600.jpg
 
We mine the earth naturally...I am pretty sure we could do the same for the asteroids, mars, etc.

Also, you're welcome to post advances in oil, natural gas, or nuclear in this thread.

With This Modest Little Machine, US Navy Could Rule The Seas
New Machine Makes Sustainable Hydrogen From Seawater
January 2nd, 2015 by Tina Casey
Well, the US Navy already does rule the seas, but this contraption could make the Navy even rulier than it is now. It’s a device for capturing carbon dioxide from seawater, and it also generates hydrogen as a byproduct, which means that you have your two basic ingredients for making your own fuel-on-the-go. That’s good news for the Navy, and that thing about the hydrogen could also mean there’s another pathway to sustainable hydrogen for fuel cell electric vehicles.

The real beauty of the device, dubbed the Electrolytic Cation Exchange Module, is that the whole process takes place without requiring additional chemicals or creating toxic byproducts. That’s a huge advantage compared to the conventional processes for recovering CO2 from seawater.

This thing crossed our radar back in 2012 and it won a coveted Popular Science “Best of What’s New” award last fall, so let’s check in again and see what we have to look forward to in 2015.
 
We mine the earth naturally...I am pretty sure we could do the same for the asteroids, mars, etc.

Also, you're welcome to post advances in oil, natural gas, or nuclear in this thread.

Oh no need. Unlike the potential you discuss, the hope, the maybe and mights, American drilling and completion technology delivers real world results, and no one needs to read here about the hopefully nature of it…because it delivers results direct to American oil production:

oilgas1.jpg


and of course delivers the consequences of this success right to the American people in real time. None of this hopium and maybe and might and potential stuff anywhere.

When is all your potential and hopium going to turn into dropping electricity rates for all americans?

Screen_Shot_2014-12-02_at_9.39.32_AM.0.png
 
You are on crack. You cannot have reserves of something that does not occur naturally.

If lithium doesn't occur naturally, then where does it come from? Did space aliens place it here?
It comes from chemically processing minerals such as spodumene or petalite/castorite and more recently saltwater. Unlike the clueless parrots posting say it is produced primarily outside the US as it cannot be found in North America. The only place here where it is extracted in limited amounts is from brine pools in Nevada.
 
Perovskite solar cell reaches record efficiency
11 hours ago by Bob Yirka
1-solarcell.jpg

A team of researchers with Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology and Sungkyunkwan University has developed a new formula for mixing perovskite structures that has led to the team achieving a new record level of efficiency in solar cells made from them. In their paper published in the journal Nature, the team describes how they came up with the new formula and what it might mean for the future of solar cell technology.

Solar cells have come down significantly in price over the past decade, but not enough to cause most people to rush out and buy them for use as an alternative energy source. For that reason, research goes on—scientists have continued to try to make silicon based cells more efficient, but have begun to run out of ideas. That has led to a search for other materials, one of which are perovskite structures (materials with the same structure as calcium titanium oxide)—they offer good power output from low cost materials and can be used in a simpler processes. Over just the past half decade, scientists have increased the efficiency of cells made using them from just 3.8 percent back in 2009, to the new current record set by the team in Korea of 17.9 percent.

Read more at: Perovskite solar cell reaches record efficiency
 

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