| Event | Location | Period | Estimated killings | Proportion of group killed | | |
|---|
| From | To | Lowest | Highest | | | |
|---|
| Rohingya genocide[N 1] | Rakhine State
Myanmar | 2016 | Present | 9,000–13,700
[9] | 43,000
[10] | Before the 2015 Rohingya refugee crisis and the military crackdown in 2016 and 2017, the Rohingya population in Myanmar was around 1.0 to 1.3 million, chiefly in the northern Rakhine townships, which were 80–98% Rohingya. Since 2015, over 900,000 Rohingya refugees have fled to south-eastern Bangladesh alone, and more to other surrounding countries, and major Muslim nations. More than 100,000 Rohingyas in Myanmar are confined in camps for internally displaced persons. |
| Uyghur genocide[11][12][13][14] | Xinjiang, China | 2014 | Present | N/A | N/A | The Uyghur genocide is based on sterilization, detention, and cultural genocide rather than killings. |
| Iraqi Turkmen genocide[N 2] | Islamic State-controlled territory in northern Iraq | 2014 | 2017 | 3,500 | 8,400 | |
| Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State[N 3] | Islamic State-controlled territory in northern Iraq and Syria | 2014 | 2019 | 2,100
[22] | 5,000
[23] | |
| Darfur genocide[N 4] | Darfur, Sudan | 2003 | Present | 98,000
[26] | 500,000
[27] | |
| Effacer le tableau[N 5] | North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo | 2002 | 2003 | 60,000
[30][28] | 70,000
[30] | 40% of the Eastern Congo's Pygmy population killed[N 6] |
| Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War[N 7] | Kivu, Zaire (now the DRC) | 1996 | 1997 | 200,000
[33] | 232,000
[34] | |
| Rwandan genocide[N 8] | Rwanda | 1994 | 491,000
[35] | 800,000
[36] | 60–70% of Tutsis in Rwanda killed[35]
7% of Rwanda's total population killed[35] | |
| Bosnian genocide[N 9] | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1992 | 1995 | 31,107[41] | 156,500[42] | More than 3% of the Bosniak population of Bosnia and Herzegovina died during the Bosnian War.[43] |
| Isaaq genocide[N 10] | Somaliland, Somalia | 1987 | 1989 | 50,000
[58][49] | 200,000
[59] | |
| Anfal genocide[N 11] | Kurdistan Region during Ba'athist Iraq | 1986 | 1989 | 50,000
[63] | 182,000
[64] | |
| Gukurahundi[N 12] | Matabeleland, Zimbabwe | 1983 | 1987 | 8,000
[67] | 300,000
[68] | |
| Cambodian genocide[N 13] | Democratic Kampuchea, Cambodia | 1975 | 1979 | 1,386,734
[77][78] | 3,000,000
[72][79] | 15–33% of total population of Cambodia killed[80][81] including:
99% of Cambodian Viets
50% of Cambodian Chinese and Cham
40% of Cambodian Lao and Thai
25% of Urban Khmer
16% of Rural Khmer |
| East Timor genocide[N 14] | East Timor, Indonesia | 1974 | 1999 | 85,320
[86] | 196,720
[87] | 13% to 44% of East Timor's total population killed
(See death toll of East Timor genocide) |
| Genocide of Acholi and Lango people under Idi Amin[N 15] | Uganda | 1972 | 1978 | 100,000
[88] | 300,000
[88] | |
| Ikiza[N 16] | Burundi | 1972 | 80,000
[89][90] | 300,000
[91] | As much as 10% to 15% of the Hutu population of Burundi killed[91] | |
| Bangladesh genocide[N 17] | East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) | 1971 | 300,000
[94] | 3,000,000
[95][96] | 2%[citation needed] to 4% of the population of East Pakistan[97] | |
| Guatemalan genocide[N 18] | Guatemala | 1962 | 1996 | 166,000
[102] | 166,000
[103] | 40% of the Maya population (24,000 people) of Guatemala's Ixil and Rabinal regions were killed[citation needed] |
| Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush[N 19] | Soviet Union (now Russia) | 1944 | 1948 | 100,000
[110] | 400,000
[111] | 23.5% to almost 50% of total Chechen population killed[112]
[104][page needed][105][106][113] |
| Deportation of the Crimean Tatars[N 20] | Crimea, Soviet Union (now Ukraine) | 1944 | 1948 (denied right to return until 1989) | 34,000
[118] | 195,471
[119] | The deportation and following exile reduced the Crimean Tatar population by between 18%[118] and 46%.[120] Unlike other deported peoples who were acknowledged to be distinct ethnic groups and given their national republics back under Khrushchev, the Crimean Tatars were not given the right of return for decades, and in addition were stripped of recognition as a distinct ethnic group as part of a wider campaign pushing for their assimilation in the Fergana valley.[121] |
| The Holocaust[N 21] | Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe | 1941 | 1945 | 4,204,000
[123][124][125] | 7,000,000
[126] | Around 2/3 of the Jewish population of Europe.[127][128] |
| German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war,[129][130] part of the Generalplan Ost and Hunger Plan | German-occupied Europe | 1941 | 1945 | 3,300,000
[131][132] | 3,500,000
[132] | During World War II, Nazi Germany engaged in a policy of deliberate maltreatment of Soviet prisoners of war (POWs), in contrast to their treatment of British and American POWs. This policy, which amounted to deliberately starving and working to death Soviet POWs, was grounded in Nazi racial theory, which depicted Slavs as sub-humans (Untermenschen).[133][130] |
| The Holocaust in Croatia including the Serbian genocide[N 22] | Independent State of Croatia
(now Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia) | 1941 | 1945 | 200,000
[N 23][135] | 500,000
[N 23][135] | |
| Genocide against Bosniaks and Croats by the Chetniks[N 24] | Occupied Yugoslavia
(now Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro) | 1941 | 1945 | 50,000
[140] | 68,000
[140] | |
| Nazi crimes against the Polish nation,[141][142] part of the Generalplan Ost | German-occupied Europe | 1939 | 1945 | 1,800,000
[143] | 3,000,000
[144][145] | From 6% to 10% of the total Polish gentile population. In addition, 3 million Polish Jews were killed during the Holocaust in Poland (90% of Polish Jews).[143] |
| Polish Operation of the NKVD[N 25] | Soviet Union (now Ukraine, Belarus and Russia) | 1937 | 1938 | 111,091
[150] | 250,000
[151] | 22% of the Polish population of the USSR was "sentenced" by the operation (140,000 people)[152] |
| Parsley massacre[N 26] | Dominican Republic | 1937 | 1937 | 12,000 | 40,000[158] | Details of the casualties are still hard to gather. |
| Romani genocide[N 27] | German-occupied Europe | 1935[161] | 1945 | 130,000
[162] | 1,500,000[163][164] | 25% to 80% of Romani people in Europe killed |
| Holodomor[N 28] | Ukraine and the heavily Ukrainian-populated northern Kuban,[168] in the Soviet Union | 1932 | 1933 | 3,000,000[169] | 5,000,000[169] | In the Ukrainian SSR, an estimated 3–3.5 million people died of starvation and disease (from malnutrition), with total demographic losses, including famine-derived decrease in fertility, 4.5–4.8 million.[170] Total population was about 32.3 million in 1932. The classification as a genocide is debated, see Holodomor genocide question. |
| Pacification of Libya[N 29] | Italian Libya (now Libya) | 1923 | 1932 | 80,000
[175] | 125,000
[182] | 25% of Cyrenaican population killed[175] |
| Osage Indian murders[N 30] | Oklahoma, United States | 1918 | 1931 | 60
[188] | 200+
[189] | Estimates vary widely, with 10% of 591 full-blood Osage being killed with the lowest estimate.[190] |
| Armenian genocide[N 31] | Ottoman Empire (now Turkey, Syria and Iraq) | 1915 | 1917 | 600,000
[196] | 1,500,000
[197] | 90% of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire killed[198] The share of Christians in area within Turkey's current borders declined from 20-22% in 1914, or about 3.3.–3.6 million people, to around 3% in 1927.[199] |
| Assyrian genocide | Ottoman Empire (now Turkey, Syria and Iraq) | 1915 | 1919 | 200,000
[200] | 750,000
[201] | |
Greek genocide
Pontic genocide[N 32] | Ottoman Empire (now Turkey) | 1914 | 1922 | 300,000
[202] | 900,000
[203] | At least 25% of Greeks in Anatolia (Turkey) killed[citation needed] |
| Herero and Namaqua genocide[N 33] | German South West Africa (now Namibia) | 1904 | 1908 | 34,000
[204] | 110,000
[205][206] | 60% (24,000 out of 40,000[204]) to 81.25% (65,000[207][208] out of 80,000[209]) of total Herero and 50%[204] of Nama population killed. |
| Armenian massacres of 1894–1896[N 34] | Ottoman Empire, Six Vilayets (now Turkey) | 1894 | 1896 | 200,000
[211] | 300,000
[211] | |
| Selk'nam genocide[N 35] | Tierra del Fuego, Chile, Argentina | 1880 | 1910 | 2,500
[216] | 4,000
[217] | 84%
The genocide reduced their numbers from around 3,000 to about 500 people. (Now pure Selk'nam are considered extinct.)[218][219] |
| Putumayo genocide | Putumayo Department, Colombia | 1879 | 1913 | 32,000[220] | 40,000+[221][222] | 80-86% of the total population in the Putumayo region perished during the Amazon rubber boom.[223][N 36] Members of the Huitoto, Andoques, Yaguas, Ocaina and Boras groups were hunted and enslaved so they could be used to extract latex.[224] During this time period, several tribes became extinct.[225] |
| Circassian genocide[N 37] | Russian Empire-occupied Circassia | 1864[N 38] | 1867 | 400,000
[234][235]
[236][237] | 2,000,000
[238][235]
[236][237] | 95%–97% of total Circassian population killed or deported by the Russian forces.[239][240] Only a small percentage who accepted to convert to Christianity, Russify and resettle within the Russian Empire were spared. The remaining Circassian populations who refused were thus forcefully dispersed, deported or killed. Today, most Circassians live in exile.[241] |
| California genocide[N 39] | California, United States | 1846 | 1873 | 9,492–16,094
[242][243][N 40] | 120,000
[243][N 41] | Amerindian population in California declined by 80% during the period |
| Queensland Aboriginal genocide[N 42] | Queensland (now Australia) | 1840 | 1897 | 10,000
[250] | 65,180
[251] | 3.3% to over 50% of the aboriginal population was killed
(10,000[250] to 65,180[251] killed out of 125,600)[clarification needed] |
| Moriori genocide[N 43] | Chatham Islands, New Zealand | 1835 | 1863 | 1,900
[253][254] | 1,900 | 95% of the Moriori population was eradicated by the invasion from Taranaki, a group of people from the Ngāti Mutunga and Ngāti Tama iwi.[255][256] All were enslaved and many were cannibalised.[257] The Moriori language is now extinct.[252][258] |
| Massacre of Salsipuedes[N 44] | Uruguay | 1831 | 1831 | 40
[261] | 40 | |
Black War
(Genocide of Aboriginal Tasmanians)[N 45] | Van Diemen's Land (now Australia) | Mid 1820s | 1832 | 400
[264] | 1,000
[264] | ~100%[263] |
| 1804 Haiti massacre[N 46] | Haiti | 1804 | 1804 | 3,000
[269] | 5,000
[269] | |
| Dzungar genocide[N 47] | Dzungaria, during Qing-dynasty
(now China) | 1755 | 1758 | 480,000
[273] | 600,000
[273] | 80% of 600,000 Zungharian Oirats killed |
| Taíno genocide[N 48] | Hispaniola (now Dominican Republic and Haiti) | 1492 | 1514 | 68,000
[280] | 968,000
[280] | 68% to over 96% of the Taíno population perished under Spanish rule.[280] |
Albigensian Crusade
(Cathar genocide)[N 49] | Languedoc (now France) | 1209 | 1229 | 200,000 | | |
