(?)
Discovery: Vikings.
First permanent settlement: Pilgrims.
Creation of the United States: There were no political parties at the time of our nation's creation, only some differing opinions as to the rights for its citizens and not wanting an oppressive government, as England was.
Ah but he didn't say political parties, he said "Liberals or Conservatives".
The latter were the Royalists who fancied staying part of the British Empire, the former were the rebels who reasoned that power derives from the consent of the governed and not from some racketeer collusion of aristocracy and clergy.
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"America" of course is much more complicated, that's where your Vikings come in. The first permanent settlement I suspect was in Hispaniola, which is now split between the DR and Haiti.
Fun fact: Haiti was the second independent republic in the Americas, and it took us eons to recognize that.