To the Confederacy it was more than slavery. They resented losing control of the Federal Government to a bunch of shopkeepers in the North. Up until very shortly before the Civil War, the Southern States controlled the United States, it was only when immigration overcame the advantage of having three fifths of their slaves counted for representation did the majority of the states take control. The Senate and Electoral College were an effort to limit the control of the slave states. Slavery was a large issue, but it wasn't the only one.
Nope, it was about slavery. Period. This notion that the slave states were about anything other than preserving slavery is ridiculous. We just need to look at the quotes of Confederate leaders.
Albert Gallatin Brown, U.S. Senator from Mississippi, speaking on Spt. 11, 1858, with regard to the several filibuster expeditions to Central America: "I want Cuba . . . I want Tamaulipas, Potosi, and one or two other Mexican States; and I want them all for the same reason -- for the planting and spreading of slavery."
- Richmond Enquirer, 1856: "Democratic liberty exists solely because we have slaves . . . freedom is not possible without slavery."
Lawrence Keitt, Congressman from South Carolina, in a speech to the House on January 25, 1860: "African slavery is the corner-stone of the industrial, social, and political fabric of the South; and whatever wars against it, wars against her very existence. Strike down the institution of African slavery and you reduce the South to depopulation and barbarism." Later in the same speech he said, "The anti-slavery party contend that slavery is wrong in itself, and the Government is a consolidated national democracy. We of the South contend that slavery is right, and that this is a confederate Republic of sovereign States."
- Henry M. Rector, Governor of Arkansas, March 2, 1861, Arkansas Secession Convention, p. 44: "The area of slavery must be extended correlative with its antagonism, or it will be put speedily in the 'course of ultimate extinction.'....The extension of slavery is the vital point of the whole controversy between the North and the South...Amendments to the federal constitution are urged by some as a panacea for all the ills that beset us. That instrument is amply sufficient as it now stands, for the protection of Southern rights, if it was only enforced. The South wants practical evidence of good faith from the North, not mere paper agreements and compromises. They believe slavery a sin, we do not, and there lies the trouble."
Not in the Civil War, there were no "duration of hostilities" enlistments. Enlistments were for specific amounts of time, some as short as ninety days.
Wrong. Deserters were executed.
Read the original Harper's Weekly on the executions of five foreign-born Union Army soldiers. Visit the Shapell Manuscript Foundation today.
www.shapell.org
On the afternoon of August 29, 1863, the entire Fifth Corps of the Army of the Potomac massed at Beverly Ford, Virginia, to attend the execution of five soldiers in the 118th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry convicted of desertion. All were foreign-born, and each had enlisted to receive the bounty, but had not joined the regiment. Convicted to desertion by a court-martial on August 20th, all were found guilty and sentenced to be shot. The execution, decreed General Meade, was to take place on the 16th, between 12 and 4 p.m. The men appealed, however, for more time to prepare to die: two were Roman Catholics and one a Jew, they explained, and no priests or rabbis were available. They also asked that the sentence be changed to hard labor, since they were foreigners and had been told by other soldiers that “there would be no harm done.” Meade, disinclined to mercy, merely postponed the execution until the 29th, until such time as a Rabbi Benjamin Szold could arrive from Baltimore to solace and attend
George Kuhne (or Kuhn), alias G. Weik, who had enlisted July 13th, been arrested August 13th, and would die, shot for desertion, some two weeks later, at 3:45 p.m. on the 29th.