Sayaras
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In the early 1930s, Nazi Germany's anti-Semitic policies evoked a widespread, positive response among Arab nationalists across the Middle East." "During this decade, a plethora of political organizations and paramilitary youth movements modelled on Fascist and Nazi organizations sprouted up in the Arab world. In Iraq, there was the al-Futuwwa, a youth organization modelled on the Hitler Youth, and the influential, pan-Arab, Fascist al-Muthanna Club, both openly supportive of the Nazis..."
"In December 1937, the high-ranking Nazi officer, Baron Baldur von Schirach, arrived in Damascus and held a lengthy meeting with Said Fattah al-Imam, head of the Association of Graduates of German Institutes and Universities in Syria. He asked him for military support to form Arab militias to fight the Zionists in Palestine. Von Schirach expressed a keen interest in a paramilitary organization that had briefly appeared on the streets of major Syrian cities, dubbed the "Iron Shirts." Founded by Fakhri al-Baroudi in partnership with Dr. Munir al-Ajlani in March 1936, the organization eventually grew to include approximately fifteen thousand members, most of whom were based in Damascus and Aleppo.
The idea came to Dr. Munir al-Ajlani shortly after his return from studying law at the Sorbonne in the early 1930s, after witnessing the rise of Hitler's Brownshirts and Mussolini's Blackshirts on the streets of Berlin and Rome."
Fattah al-Imam was sent to Nazi Germany in 1936 by the pan Arab pan Islam leader al Husseini, the the Mufti to get arms for Arab Palestine.
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SEE:
* Moubayed, Sami. Syria and the USA: Washington's Relations with Damascus from Wilson to Eisenhower. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012, pp. 42-43
* Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945, from the Archives of the German Foreign Ministry. United States: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1953.(No.576). p. 777:
The Propaganda Ministry to the Foreign Ministry... BERLIN, November 24, 1937. MY DEAR HERR KNOTHE: Having been unsuccessful, despite several attempts, in reaching you by telephone today, I should like in this letter to ask if I may trouble you for an appointment. I come from Damascus on behalf of the Grand Mufti of Palestine, His Excellency Haj Amin al-Husayni, who at the present time is in Beirut, and also on behalf of the Great Arabian Club in Damascus and the Administrative Board of the National Bureau for Propaganda and Public Enlightenmen and I am planning to return to Damascus after our conference. Herr Geiger, the Chief of the Ortsgruppe of the NSDAP in Beirut, with whom you are very well acquainted, gave me a letter to you at the time of our first conversation, and he will get in touch with you as soon as he has assumed his new post in the German Embassy in Paris. I should be very grateful if you would have a message sent me at telephone number 664403 as to when I may call on you in person. H#il Hitler! DR . IMAM.
[These documents were also sent to the War Ministry and to the Dienststelle Ribbentrop.]
* Cohen, M. J. (2014). Britain's Moment in Palestine: Retrospect and Perspectives, 1917-1948. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, ch. 17 The Arabs and Nazi Germany.
* "The Dawn of Nazism" in the Arab World... Hitler and the Nazis in Syria - Raseef22. Sami Marwan Mobaid. September 23, 2021
* Syrmh. Jan 7, 2022. Saeed Fattah Al-Imam. Contemporary Syrian History:
The French authorities accused him of communicating with Germany, and French intelligence reports stated that in 1936 the National Bloc urged Saeed Miftah al-Imam at the time to strengthen the nationalists' ,communications with Germany. Saeed Fattah Al-Imam and six Syrian students visited Berlin at the end of 1936. He was the Secretary of the Propaganda Committee of the Palestine Liberation Society in 1948.
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"In December 1937, the high-ranking Nazi officer, Baron Baldur von Schirach, arrived in Damascus and held a lengthy meeting with Said Fattah al-Imam, head of the Association of Graduates of German Institutes and Universities in Syria. He asked him for military support to form Arab militias to fight the Zionists in Palestine. Von Schirach expressed a keen interest in a paramilitary organization that had briefly appeared on the streets of major Syrian cities, dubbed the "Iron Shirts." Founded by Fakhri al-Baroudi in partnership with Dr. Munir al-Ajlani in March 1936, the organization eventually grew to include approximately fifteen thousand members, most of whom were based in Damascus and Aleppo.
The idea came to Dr. Munir al-Ajlani shortly after his return from studying law at the Sorbonne in the early 1930s, after witnessing the rise of Hitler's Brownshirts and Mussolini's Blackshirts on the streets of Berlin and Rome."
Fattah al-Imam was sent to Nazi Germany in 1936 by the pan Arab pan Islam leader al Husseini, the the Mufti to get arms for Arab Palestine.
_____
SEE:
* Moubayed, Sami. Syria and the USA: Washington's Relations with Damascus from Wilson to Eisenhower. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012, pp. 42-43
* Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945, from the Archives of the German Foreign Ministry. United States: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1953.(No.576). p. 777:
The Propaganda Ministry to the Foreign Ministry... BERLIN, November 24, 1937. MY DEAR HERR KNOTHE: Having been unsuccessful, despite several attempts, in reaching you by telephone today, I should like in this letter to ask if I may trouble you for an appointment. I come from Damascus on behalf of the Grand Mufti of Palestine, His Excellency Haj Amin al-Husayni, who at the present time is in Beirut, and also on behalf of the Great Arabian Club in Damascus and the Administrative Board of the National Bureau for Propaganda and Public Enlightenmen and I am planning to return to Damascus after our conference. Herr Geiger, the Chief of the Ortsgruppe of the NSDAP in Beirut, with whom you are very well acquainted, gave me a letter to you at the time of our first conversation, and he will get in touch with you as soon as he has assumed his new post in the German Embassy in Paris. I should be very grateful if you would have a message sent me at telephone number 664403 as to when I may call on you in person. H#il Hitler! DR . IMAM.
[These documents were also sent to the War Ministry and to the Dienststelle Ribbentrop.]
* Cohen, M. J. (2014). Britain's Moment in Palestine: Retrospect and Perspectives, 1917-1948. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, ch. 17 The Arabs and Nazi Germany.
* "The Dawn of Nazism" in the Arab World... Hitler and the Nazis in Syria - Raseef22. Sami Marwan Mobaid. September 23, 2021
* Syrmh. Jan 7, 2022. Saeed Fattah Al-Imam. Contemporary Syrian History:
The French authorities accused him of communicating with Germany, and French intelligence reports stated that in 1936 the National Bloc urged Saeed Miftah al-Imam at the time to strengthen the nationalists' ,communications with Germany. Saeed Fattah Al-Imam and six Syrian students visited Berlin at the end of 1936. He was the Secretary of the Propaganda Committee of the Palestine Liberation Society in 1948.
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Syria and the French Mandate
Why did Syrian political life continue to be dominated by a particular urban elite even after the dramatic changes following the end of four hundred years of Ottoman rule and the imposition of French control? Philip Khoury's comprehensive work discusses this and other questions in the framework...
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