Extend it? WTF is that supposed to mean?
It is a reference to courts power of judicial review and
loose and strict constructionist applications of that power. Raoul Berger discussed the idea quite thoroughly
here. It's hardly a new or arcane topic of legal debate. Madison, Hamilton and Jefferson were at odds over the approach to Constitutional and legal interpretation.
The principles of loose and strict construction became most pronounced in the debate over the creation of the Bank of the United States and led, by the time Adams became POTUS, to a schism among Federalists whereby some Founders ceased to identify as Federalists and formed the Democratic-Republican party.
- Jefferson opposed the Bank on the grounds that there was no authorization in the Constitution.
- Hamilton favored the Bank on the grounds that what the Constitution did not forbid it permitted.
- Washington, who was President at the time, concurred with Hamilton.
For all the bitter "back and fourth" about legal theory/philosophy that led Jefferson and others to form the D-R Party, after Jefferson became POTUS, he changed his mind and became a bigger Federalist and loose constructionist than Washington or Adams ever were.
The Louisiana Purchase is one example. Jefferson knew that he did not have the authority to engage in such a deal with France, because it was not a power specifically granted to him in the Constitution. However, he completed the Louisiana Purchase anyway because he “thought it his duty” to risk himself for the good of the United States. Of his decision to make the purchase, Jefferson wrote, "
every good officer must be ready to risk himself in going beyond the strict line of law." There was no question in Jefferson's mind that he was violating the principles of strict constructionist interpretation of the Constitution; he knew quite well that the only grounds that justified the LA Purchase lay in loose constructionist jurisprudence.
It's easy to sit at one's desk and espouse strict construction and rail against leaders who don't adhere to it. How could it not be? It's as easy as falling off a log because quite literally it is legal theorist's equivalent of falling off or staying on the log. It's not hard to binarily evaluate anything; one need not think much and need only know a very little if that be one's approach to legal theory, indeed anything. If, on the other hand, one comes to a juncture whereby one can see that one must with alacrity act yet one's hands and mind are bound by strict constructionism, does one discard that shackle and act or does one retain it and forgo opportunity or do the "wrong thing" in the name of adhering to strict constructionism?
Obviously, had Jefferson adhered to his previously strong views that the Constitution should be strictly construed, the U.S. we know today would not exist. Thus in Jefferson's evolution from strict constructionist principles to loose constructionist ones is seen both the dilemma and reality of governance. The instant one's legal, political and cognitive myopia leads one to espouse strict constructionist principles, one is forced into a position that is untenable if one is to govern effectively. The fact of the matter is that few things are as "black and white" as strict construction requires, and one simply never can foresee every single possibility and expressly enumerate it in legislations, and the instant one ventures to say something similar to "such and such a law meant or didn't mean this or that," one has "crossed the border" and left the realm of strict construction.