"ORIGIN OF THE "RACE" CONCEPT 3
of Negroid origin, but in both countries it is often difficult
so say whether a person belongs to the one racial group or the
other. It is just such difficulties as these which render it impos-
sible to make the sort of racial classifications which some
anthropologists and others have attempted. 3 The fact is that
all human beings are so much mixed with regard to origin
that between different groups of individuals intergradation
and "overlapping" of physical characters is the rule. It is for
this reason that it is difficult to draw up more than a very few
hard and fast distinctions between even the most extreme
types. As Huxley and Haddon have remarked, "The essential
reality of the existing situation ... is not the hypothetical
sub-species or races, but the mixed ethnic groups, which can
never be genetically purified into their original components,
or purged of the variability which they owe to past crossing.
Most anthropological writings of the past and many of the
present fail to take account of this fundamental fact." *
The classifiers of the "races" of mankind who have devised
the various classificatory schemes of mankind during the last
hundred years have mostly agreed in one respect they have
unexceptionally taken for granted the one thing which they
were attempting to prove, namely, the existence of human
"races." Starting off with the fact that "extreme" types of man-
kind, such as Negro, white, and Mongol, could obviously be
recognized as races, they proceeded to refine these grosser
classifications by attempting to fit local groups of mankind
into similar racial schemes. Thus, to take a contemporary ex-
ample, Coon has recently created a large number of new
European "races" and "sub-races" upon the basis, principally,
of slight differences in the characters of the head exhibited by
different groups of Europeans, and this in spite of the fact
For the latest anthropological example of this fractionating method see
Coon, The Races of Europe.
4 Huxley and Haddon, We Europeans, p. 114. In order to avoid possible
misunderstanding of this passage, it is desirable to point out that by the
words "genetically purified into their original components" the authors do not
have reference to preexisting "pure races/' but to the earlier states of their
ancestral groups. "