In Germany, disguising yourself is not broadly illegal, but it is prohibited in specific situations, such as during public gatherings or if it involves impersonating an official. The legality depends on the context and purpose of the disguise.
Disguises prohibited during public assemblies
A German law from 1985 prohibits disguising one's identity during public demonstrations, rallies, and meetings.
- Purpose: The law aims to ensure police can identify individuals to maintain public order and hold people accountable for their actions.
- Context: While enforced, protesters sometimes use items like scarves, sunglasses, and hats to obscure their faces while arguing they are not in full "disguise".
It is a criminal offense to impersonate an official, such as a police officer or soldier.
- Military uniforms: While civilians can wear military-style clothing for fashion, it is illegal to wear a uniform that is identical to a current military uniform to impersonate a soldier.
- Nazi symbols and uniforms: Germany has strict laws prohibiting the use and display of Nazi symbols, signs, and uniforms.
A 2017 law made it illegal to cover one's face while driving.
- Purpose: This rule ensures that drivers can be identified by speed cameras and police surveillance.
- Restrictions: The law applies to items like burqas, niqabs, full-face helmets (when not on a motorcycle), and certain types of scarves.
Outside of protests, drivers, and officials, the general wearing of face coverings like burqas is a contested issue.
- There is no nationwide general ban on full-face veils in public spaces.
- State-level regulations vary, particularly concerning schools and other institutions.
