I don't think sanctions will work (and probably the Chinese and Russians will never allow any sanctions that bite anyway), the Iranian leadership does not care how much their people suffer, they want a nuclear bomb and the regional hegemony they believe it will grant them.
If they get one there will be a nuclear arms race in the Middle East, the Sunni states will not sit back and just suck it up, they will respond in kind.
This is in no one's interest, least of all the Iranian people's interest.
If there is still time to strike by air and knock this program back for a decade, then it is time to strike.
Someone posted here a video from Obama when he was campaigning for president as Senator.
There, he said: Countries like Iran and Venezuela are not a threat to USA.
The Soviets were a threat.
Independently from Obama, every person knows this statement is true just by looking at dry facts like economic size and military capabilities.
As Superpower, the USA has designs and interests for all areas in this world.
Iran, just like Turkey, sits on Top-3/4 geographical assets of this world. Just look at Eurasian map.
East-West transfer off all kinds within Eurasia, depends either on Iran/Turkey route or on Russia in the north.
Historically, East-West transfer has gone through the southern line, hence Silk Road.
From the Northern Line (Russia), historically this route was almost reserved for military campaigns (Huns, Tatar etc.).
By applying sanctions on Iran for decades, this had the result, that an important crosstie on the Eurasian line has been held weak, fragile.
If there had not been sanctions on Iran, maybe today regional integration of some sort would exist.
The USA has no interest in such thing, and it only has interest in such thing, if it controls it via its Trojan horses within.
As an example, the USA would never have had allowed something like the Gulf Cooperation Council to form in such strategic region (oil),
if there would have been any risks this formation would not play by its rule.
After the Shah, Iran did not play by US rule.
As a country sitting on such strategic asset, combined with some potential on its own (history, ressources, population size) the USA could not allow Iran to be a free-agent.
So, the options were:
Either regime-change (invasion) or restricting Iran of integration into the region whereas USA would only have had controll of this process indirectly.
With Iraq invasion, the USA did make a mistake. The outcome is de-facto integration of South-Iraq into Iran.
USA lay a bridge for Iran to swap into its immediate West.
The facts on the ground, thus where we stand today, permits only one summary:
Total strategic failure, nullifying decades-old US policy of containment (Iran).
The mindsets behind Bush, probably thought that time is ripe for transformation of a frozen conflict (Iran) into an advantage for USA in the 21st century against paralell processes emerging from the most eastern part of Asia, which has its own designs westwards.
I don't believe in conspiracy around 11 September, but there is no doubt, that after 11 September the shareholders of US power sat together on a table and the result was not only revenge, but transformation of West-Asia into an advantage decades to last.
Maybe today's US public forgot about US representatives talking about things like "Greater Middle Eastern Project", world does not forget.
World does also not forget about fixing+faking about Iraq in UN Security council by Powell.
After nullifying the decades-old policy of containing Iran, the USA can not deliver the final step of regime-change in Iran.
So, now we head again the road of containment. This time via further rounds of Iran sanctions. Zig-Zag pattern.
I restricted my sentences solely on USA. I do not support any nation supporting non-state actors. Iran surely does, the USA does also. If you are in conflict, every tool becomes an option.
Iran's options are limited, it does not have Star Wars weapons like a superpower is expected to have. At the same time it faces not only containment orchestrated by USA, but the threat of regime change.
It fights for survival of its system. Off course it will cause problems for USA, so that capabilities from USA are tied. The same strategy Russia also has.
Maybe Iran even works on nuclear weapons, who knows? US intelligence is not to be trusted on Iran case, because USA has interests in Iran far exceeding the questions of Nuclear Profileration Treaty.
The artificial threat-assesment of the Iraq invasion shows, that intelligence is flexible, varying with State interests.
Above I talked about that table after 11 September, US intelligence agencies anyway sat on that table.
The USA behaves like every superpower would do.
If they get one there will be a nuclear arms race in the Middle East, the Sunni states will not sit back and just suck it up, they will respond in kind.
USA has controll over every Arab Sunnite country. Partly, they even receive US aid. They are the dogs of USA.
An Arab sunnite nation only goes nuclear, if it takes the consequence of breaking with USA.
As such, only Saudi-Arabia has that capability. As a Ressource superpower the Saudis wont even risk a breakup with USA: Foreign trade of Saudi-Arabia is more then 320 Billion $, with investments all over the world.
Sanctioning Saudi-Arabia will trigger economic crisis of some sort. If Saudis want to develop nuclear weapons, they will.
Egypt wont develop anything. They can maybe chew the idea, but not stomach the whole package.
Other Arab Sunnite nations are anyway fly-weights.
Religion has not much weight in International Relations on state-level. There is the superpower and an interest conflict with a more tiny nation, that shows remarkable resistance by utilizing every option it has.
For religious minded people this puts them on the "Axis of Evil". This may only convince those that are receptive to religion. If there are crusader-minded people within your society, that rhetoric will off course be played.
Just like Iran plays the rehtoric of big and little Satan in matters of USA and Israel to those kind of audience within its own country.
It is the conflict of interests that fuel such rhetorics.
The are only 4 options for this region regarding the Iranian situation:
- De-nuclearization (Israel) or
- creating a situation where Iran does not feel threatened by Israeli nuclear weapons and
- motivation for problem-solving between USA and Iran sitting on a table, reaching agreement on Iran's integration into West-Asia. Acknowledgement of the Mullah system. Giving up containment of Iran and by that minimum to medium influence of USA over Iran. Iran still will be free-agent.
- regime change
Those 4 options in today's Middle-Eastern current situation vis-a-vis Israel-Iran-USA.
World and Middle-East changes by itself independently. There is dynamism independent from that triangle.
The only viable and lasting solution is de-nuclearization of Israel. Within US administration this policy has not developed, maybe will never develop.
In the end it does not matter, a multi-polar world is emerging that will be more competent to solve things.
Currently there is only the USA with the ability to get things done, unfortunately, the USA is in alliance with Israel and for some it appers even Judeo-Christian alliance.
So, in some sort the USA has to loose power on global level to get things done in Middle East to a lasting peacefull solution.
Power loss of USA will not happen by USA going down, but other regions clsoing the gap to USA, let's call them the "Others".
Cumulative cooperation of some "The Others" may outpower the USA, while USA still remains Superpower.
My own country develops into something that "gets things done" in its own region.
Our policy is de-nuclearization, for this, we will convince "The Others" and only by that Iran can be convinced.
All other solutions are based on US supremacy, to a less Israelian interest protection.
Those solutions come from a world, which we will soon call "The Past".
Iran by itself has a vast potential, it has 3rd biggest natural gas reserves, yet imports natural gas from Turkmenistan.
It imports gasoline from abroad.
You better hurry with your regime-change agenda whilst you have this "getting things done" capability, otherwise Mullahs will be full and equal partners for the world.