Syria is a Ba' athist authoritarian society with a middling economy based mostly on oil revenues.
Basically a single party state it is top heavy with a strong regional military and that's where most of this socialist nation's hard currency gets invested.
Relations with America have been strained for the last sixty years, starting, with Truman's recognition of Israel.
They were practically a client state of the former Soviet Union.
When the Soviet Union fell, they took a less hard line stance against the USA, but they still support Hez'bullah. Pan Arabism is their official policy, but they are highly pragmatic.
They were the first nation to officially condemn the attack on WTC.
They openly supported Saddam against the USA
So now comes Russia. But this bear isn't hiberbnating, it's energized on petro-Euros.
Hence, Bashar Al-Asad finds chilling opportunities as the Cold War decents upon Damascus.