this all depends, are we to look to the situation through the eyes of a modern Roman perspective or through the eyes of the Bible, Esau was not interested in living a life that was pleasing to God and Isaac and Rebecca could determine this very easily.
Recall that Rebekah and Jacob had to fool Isaac, who thought he was passing the blessing onto Esau.
As you mention later, Esau went on to build a great nation himself, but there were still the hard feelings among the two because Jacob stole what was Esau's. If Esau could go on to build a great nation without what was his, and Jacob had God's favor, why couldn't have Jacob done the same? There would have been no reason for hard feelings or enmity between the two. Neither Esau nor Jacob were perfect.
Where was Rebekah's faith that God could work with Esau? Further, deception is not God's way, nor is stealing. Ever wonder since Isaac was aging and Rebekah younger, whether her own self-interests were involved?
Had it not been for Rebekah and Jacob's deception, would peace, rather than enmity have had a chance to build in the Middle East?
Could this also be seen as an account of how God can work with us despite our own thefts and deceptions? If He can work with those in Rebekah and Jacob, why not work with Esau who took an outsider as a wife? Remember Ruth who was also an outsider? It took some time, but remember the famous verse of,
Where you go, I will go. Your God will be my God. Your people my people.
God couldn't work with Esau, but he could work with thieves and deceivers? God couldn't have worked with Jacob unless Isaac gave him the blessing? Rebekah's faith seems to also have been about the customs of who got the most.
By the way, just thoughts! Other than all the wars and unrest in the Middle East, good came from Jacob's inheritance. I am only wondering if good might have also come to Jacob and his descendants without him taking what was his brothers. How necessary was that?