You are correct. deregulation of banks under Bill Clinton freed banks to underwrite their own mortgage securities and MSBs (mortgage backed securites) were the number one villain in the 2008 financial collapse.
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The Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999
Author:
Despina Chouliara
Published: April 25th, 2020
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Executive Summary
The Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999, otherwise known as the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (“GLBA”), repealed banking regulations from the 1930s – the Glass-Steagall (1933) and the Bank Holding Company Act (1956). Those laws prevented the merger of commercial banks, stock brokerage companies, and insurance companies. GLBA also introduced the Financial Privacy Rule and the Safeguards Rule, which required financial institutions to explain their information-sharing practices to their customers and to safeguard sensitive data, respectively. In enacting GLBA, Congress aimed to “modernize” the financial services industry. By annulling Glass-Steagall and Bank Holding Company Act protections, GLBA encouraged consolidation in the financial services industry. Financial services companies created financial holding companies, which were now overseen by the Federal Reserve.
[1] Experts continue to debate the lasting effects of this act. Critics often argue that GLBA contributed to the financial crisis of 2008 by deregulating the banking sector and removing restrictions on commercial bank securities activities. GLBA supporters contend that not passing GLBA, or later repealing it, would not have prevented the financial crisis, which resulted from bad investments by large, poorly capitalized financial institutions.
[2]
Introduction
President Bill Clinton signed the Financial Services Modernization Act into law on November 12, 1999. Sen. Phil Gramm, Rep. Jim Leach and Rep. Thomas Bliley sponsored the bill, and together, became its namesake. Known as the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (“GLBA”), GLBA repealed aspects of the Glass-Steagall Act (1933) and the Bank Holding Company Act (1956), removing barriers that previously separated banking companies, securities companies and insurance companies, and that prohibited commercial banks from underwriting most bonds, equities, and insurance policies.
[3] After passage of GLBA, financial holding companies (FHCs) were allowed to conduct these activities.