It's far easier to catch up economically, than it is to blaze the trail.
Let me give a single example. My uncle is an engineer at a glassworks company. They build automated glassworks machines. They sent him to China, to sell their products. After a month, meeting with dozens of different companies, he came back with zero sales.
The chinese did in 30 years what took the US nearly a century ( 1830 to 1930 roughly ).
Sout Korea is even more extreme ( though it is a lot smaller and therefore the economy is easier to manage ) in 40 years they developed more than the US in 200 years. A remarkable achievment. (1800 to 1990 levels ) . Of course it would be interesting to watch how Korea develops in the next 20 years.
Regarding you uncle's factory ... indeed , in some aspect the chinese are very far away from US technology. In others they are surprisingly close , their space crafts , their high speed rail ( that one is probably better ) , the skyscrapers , their dams ( three gorges dam is impressive any way you look at it ) . Soon enough their megalopolies will dwarf anything the world has seen to date.
But my main point is that their development has been achieved largely by an increasing trade surplus with the US this is not a sustainable situation. In a long run it will cause trouble for both China and the US.
Now , compare China's development with Mexico, a country who embraced free trade 25 years ago. See my point ? Certainly that particular economy is not booming is it? Else millions would not be flooding the US. Mexico's pre-liberal development was solid . It would probably have been better for both the US and Mexico not to embark into that foolhardy adventure called NAFTA ( at least Stiglitz, who was Cinton's economic advisor, has been brave enough to say NAFTA did not work as he expected and free trade has to be revisited)
As should be expected. Why would you think any different? Think about it like this.... If you were going to build a bridge, and had never done it before, it would take you a long time..... However, if you had plans and an example to follow because someone else had been building bridges for a 100 years, it would still take you a while to master building a bridge, but not nearly as long as building it from scratch.
Yes, it required us 100 years. But we started from a position of non-existence, and moved to blazing a trail that had never existed before.
The Chinese had both a foundation of thousands of years of existence, and an example from more advanced countries to follow. I don't know why you think any of what you see going on, would be surprising or unexpected. Once the shackles on the economy were removed, of course they are going to advance, and very quickly.
As for Mexico, that is not an example that you should be using.
Do you know when Mexico first started free-trade with the US? It didn't start with NAFTA. NAFTA was actually making universal, policies that already had been in place. Mexico first started Free-trade, Tax-Free foreign investment policies.... all the way back in 1965.
Maquiladora - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For years we had the bracero program, which allowed manual labor from Mexicans to work in the US as seasonal labor. In 1964, the program was ended, which caused rising unemployment along the border area where people counted on the bracero program for income.
The Border Industrialization Program or the Maquiladora Program, allowed factories to import duty-free, tariff-free materials and equipment from the US or anywhere, for the purpose of manufacturing.
The program was a massive success, and resulted in drastic increases in employment, and economic growth along those areas.
So even with Mexico, clearly free-trade improved the economy.
Now it is true that since NAFTA, Mexico has not done as well, but this is more a result of the Narco wars, than anything to do with trade. By the way, since the wars have declined, Mexico has rebounded well.
BTW, it's amazing how the argument changes depending on the subject.
You claim NAFTA has ruined jobs by sending them to Mexico. But then when discussing free-trade in Mexico, you claim it hasn't helped.
Sorry, but those are mutually exclusive claims. Both can't be true at the same time. Not logical.