The OP,
ColonelAngus has a point that the constitution does not mention abortion. However,
skews13 also has a point that the constitution specifically says that the enumerated rights are not the only rights that people have, so it isn't a settled issue, solely because abortion is not specifically mentioned.
That said, we have to analyze. What rights could the founders have meant? Were they too numerous to enumerate them all? If so, why enumerate any?
My theory is that they enumerated two kinds of rights: Rights that at that time had been violated by Merry Olde England, and rights that are of particular concern to lawyers, who were in the majority of the framers of the US Constitution.
So, we have the right to bear arms, the right to free speech and the right not to quarter soldiers, which King George was violating on a regular bases. We also have the right to due process, not to self-incriminate, a speedy trial, trial by jury, no excessive bail, etc.
So . . . privacy. I believe that the right to privacy is strongly implied by the IV Amendment. If this is not about privacy, what is it about?
Amendment IV
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
So, what rights would be implied, but not enumerated? Doctor/patient privilege, Lawyer Client privilege, spousal privilege (also protected by the 5th), confessor/penitent privilege (also protected by the 1st and the 5th).
Probably the right to freely travel, including travel abroad, or across state lines would be protected, though it is not enumerated, nor strongly implied that I know of. The right to trade freely and make enforceable contracts is the one that the founders
should have enumerated. I'm guessing that they thought no government in its right mind would ever cripple its own nation's economy by trying to interfere with free trade.
They were right, no government in its right mind would. DOH!
It was the doctor/patient privilege that the court relied on in Roe Vs. Wade. But they ignored the plain fact that abortion affects a person who is neither the doctor, nor the patient. The decision also ignored the fact that states have always regulated medical practice, which does not in and of itself violate privacy. If my state requires my doctor to be licensed by my state medical board, my privacy is not violated. If my state bans fee sharing among referring physicians and specialists, that does not violate my privacy.
If a state decides to criminalize abortion on the grounds that it kills a person, that is a violent crime. States have always had jurisdiction over most violent crimes.
Someday, the court may rule that a state banning murder of born persons - but not unborn persons - violates the 14th amendment's equal protection clause. Then it would be correct to say that the USSC "banned abortion," or at least ordered states to ban it. But that hasn't happened yet.