By any objective measure no other institution has shaped Western Civilization more.
In some ways that is — for better and worse — true.
Religious superstition, a kind of organized insanity, is today
generally detrimental. That is my view. At best it is a kind of crutch, an “ideology” like so many others. A very old one. It does provide for its faithful a pseudo-consolation in facing life’s many difficulties, and also a sense of salvation and superiority, based on long-lasting “institutional authority.”
But its antiquity is precisely its greatest weakness, as it has become less relevant, more reactionary, and even laughably unbelievable in modern times. Like modern nationalism and other mass ideologies, it does provide a collective identity … that often actually
divides, has led to countless wars, and upholds narrow millennia-old absurdities which oppose more modern Enlightened views.
This doesn’t mean Protestant Christianity or Catholicism of Eastern Orthodoxy or Judaism have not contributed in different ways to Western civilization! Far from it. They shape our very language. They have shaped and molded countless Western countries’ different histories.
My own belief is that “Western Civilization” would have evolved in the same general direction without any of these particular Judeo-Christian institutions, probably even under a triumphant Islam. Developing capitalism would most likely still have forced humankind into the modern world, along with the “Golden Rule” and a complex morality … in any case.
Greek and Roman origins of “Western Civilization” in the diverse Mediterranean trading civilizations of the past, combined with diverse Eastern influences, were the philosophic / religious and eventually “imperial” and “national” ideologies available. They were all that was needed to evolve over centuries into our present prevailing — if also crisis ridden — “liberal democratic” form of capitalism.
Moral philosophy and laws exist everywhere there are large societies. Judiasm, Christianity, even less the Catholic Church, were never “necessary” to their development. Enlightened thinking and scientific, social and political development — these were essential.