Of all those population segments, the most significant one is the age group delineation. Its is because white older people are the most reliable voters, that is, they vote in greater numbers than do younger cohorts.
Quite simply, Trump played to the interests of people in his own generation, Baby Boomers, and the generation born to baby boomers at a time when they are likely to vote than at any other point in the lives and while their numbers are great enough still to overshadow subsequent generations. In other words, it was a matter of timing; Trump struck when the time was right for playing on the sentiments that lies in Baby Boomers, particularly white ones, memories.
As for the education level thing, well, that's just a consequence of what share of Baby Boomers obtained advanced education.
Among Trump's generation, that's about 25% to 35%. No surprise there; those people came along at a time when having a baccalaureate degree or higher was not remotely necessary to obtain a middle class existence.

(Apologies for the chart. I didn't compose it, and it is among the more difficult charts to understand.)
In the 2016 election, a wide gap in presidential preferences emerged between those with and without a college degree. College graduates overall backed Clinton by a 9-point margin (52%-43%), while those without a college degree backed Trump 52%-44%. This is by far the widest gap in support among college graduates and non-college graduates in exit polls dating back to 1980. For example, in 2012, there was hardly any difference between the two groups: College graduates backed Obama over Romney by 50%-48%, and those without a college degree also supported Obama 51%-47%.
Among whites, Trump won an overwhelming share -- [there's your Boomers who lack college degrees and who vote reliably] -- of those without a college degree; and among white college graduates – a group that many identified as key for a potential Clinton victory – Trump outperformed Clinton by a narrow 4-point margin.
Trump’s margin among whites without a college degree is the largest among any candidate in exit polls since 1980. Two-thirds (67%) of non-college whites backed Trump, compared with just 28% who supported Clinton, resulting in a 39-point advantage for Trump among this group. In 2012 and 2008, non-college whites also preferred the Republican over the Democratic candidate but by less one-sided margins (61%-36% and 58%-40%, respectively).
Trump won whites with a college degree 49% to 45%. In 2012, Romney won college whites by a somewhat wider margin in 2012 (56%-42%). Trump’s advantage among this group is the same as John McCain’s margin in 2008 (51%-47%). Due largely to the dramatic movement among whites with no college degree, the gap between college and non-college whites is wider in 2016 than in any past election dating to 1980.
Quite simply, the largest and most reliable source of votes for Trump came from a segment of society that doesn't care about complex analysis and explanations of things like economics, climate change, etc. It's just as well, in their minds, that they don't as they, in general, never obtained the training to evaluate the analysis even if it's presented to them. For better or worse, Boomers grew up in simpler times and their worldview is a reflection of that. It's not that the complexity didn't exist before; it did, but it didn't affect the average middle-class-lifestyle-aspiring American. It's just that the way the world operated then didn't require everyday citizens to fully understand it in order to arrive at sensible conclusions.
Why is that the case? Simple: the whole rest of the world was in tatters in the aftermath of WWII. As a nation, the U.S. had no competitors. Even the USSR wasn't a real peer to the U.S.; it, and to a lesser extent China, merely matched the U.S.' military might. Economically, however, they couldn't hold a candle to the U.S. Moreover, they were politically the enemies of the U.S. and Western Europe, which though Europe devastated by the war, still were the "owners" of the rest of the world. In a nutshell, only the U.S. and the USSR came out of WWII in a stronger position than when they entered it. In the U.S., given the racism and sexism that pervaded the culture, about all one needed to do was be white and male in order to thrive as an American. These days, that's not enough.