The dollar can be lent out 9 times. Each time losing 10% of its value. Then it is destroyed. The system depends on loans and the velocity of money from it. The velocity of those loans creates new dollars at a certain speed. The Federal Reserve attempts to keep enough dollars in circulation to grease all the wheels. Not much more than what is needed was how it worked until we started to lose control. How many dollars are in circulation or are computer blips now above the Gross Domestic Product I do not know. Inflation comes from it and some inflation from my understanding can be hidden and sent to others for payment like overseas concerns. The currency can last a long time if it is kept under control. We are losing power in the world because we have lost control of the fiat currency. China has real assets in manufacturing that we used to have. We still have manufacturing. Not like it was though. There is supposedly a way that if we jettisoned the Federal Reserve and made the Fiat Currency owned by the people to save some interest that is owed. Joe is forgiving loans to college students. However, this is with the Privately owned Federal Reserve taking its cut also. Used smartly the currency can work well. Politicians though, they want everything when it takes time to get everything that can never be fully achieved.