James Madison in Federalist No. 46 wrote:
Besides the advantage of being armed, which the Americans possess over the people of almost every other nation, the existence of subordinate governments,to which the people are attached, forms a barrier against the enterprises of ambition, more insurmountable than any which a simple government of any form can admit of. Notwithstanding the military establishments in the several kingdoms of Europe, which are carried as far as the public resources will bear, the governments are afraid to trust the people with arms. And it is not certain, that with this aid alone they would not be able to shake off their yokes. But were the people to possess the additional advantages of local governments chosen by themselves, who could collect the national will and direct the national force, and of officers appointed out of the militia, by these governments, and attached both to them and to the militia, it may be affirmed with the greatest assurance, that the throne of every tyranny in Europe would be speedily overturned in spite of the legions which surround it.
Hamilton Federalist 28
When will the time arrive that the federal government can raise and maintain an army capable of erecting a despotism over the great body of the people of an immense empire, who are in a situation, through the medium of their State governments, to take measures for their own defense, with all the celerity, regularity, and system of independent nations? The apprehension may be considered as a disease, for which there can be found no cure in the resources of argument and reasoning.
It seems that the 2nd Amendment is pretty clear on the subject in my humble opinion that through a militia which in the case of the actual framers of the constitution meant the "people" which was well "regulated" that the right to actually "Bear"arms shall not be infringed upon. So while the states are within their rights to regulate firearms those rights shall not extend beyond the right to actually keep a firearm. The framers of the constitution believed that the right to bear arms lay in the long established natural rights established under English Law and the right to self defense. However they were smart enough to realize that through the term " well regualted " that arms could be regulated. In my humble opinion the congress did not throw the constitution out the window, nor did they trample on states rights, they simple reaffirmed the 2nd Amendment through its power to regulate as well as affirm the 2nd Amendment, and I might point out the following.
Article VI, Section 2, of the U.S. Constitution is known as the Supremacy Clause because it provides that the "Constitution, and the Laws of the United States … shall be the supreme Law of the Land."
While I do find congress spending it's time on these sorts of bills at this moment somewhat troubling given the MANY MANY other problems this nation faces, it does appear they were well witnin their rights to do so, and on a realistic basis this bill will most likely die if not in the Senate then by Veto.