According to the
Inside Job study guide
financial markets are important and valuable. It is good for companies to be able to borrow money easily and at low cost, just as it is good for us to be able to invest our money instead of stuffing it under our mattresses
Banks (financial markets) are the "heart" of the economy, re-circulating money (from
savings, back into the stream of
spending) like blood being re-circulated back to the body. When that "heart"
stops -- as in Balance Sheet Recessions, when savings are not reborrowed -- then the economy enters
recession. Inexpertly, the
re-cycling & re-circulation of money, from
savings, back into
spending in the economy, is the most important part, of the economy -- without which the economy has a "heart attack":
savings (S) ---> spending (Y = C + I + G + NX)
Stereotypically, Republicans advocate "
private sector
investment", whereby savings (S) are
borrowed by businesses, for investments (I) in expanded operations:
S ---> I
whereas Democrats advocate "
Public sector welfare", whereby savings (S) are
taxed by governments (T), for "progressive" Public programs,
e.g. welfare for poor people (who then spend the money for food, clothing, and other goods & services, of
personal consumption expenditures, C):
S ---> T ---> C
Alternative to that "
dole" approach, the "New
Deal" approach, of
Fiscal Stimulus, mimics the "private sector" solution, with governments as "Big Borrowers", for large-scale Public
Investments (
I):
S ---> I
Large-scale Public
Investment in
infrastructure (roads, buildings, dams) during the
New Deal under FDR; and on the
internet during Reagan-era
deficit spending; recycled & recirculated
savings, back into
spending in the economy, for productive-and-profitable Public
Investments, by
borrowing, not by
taxing. Taxing never helps, and only hinders, economic growth. Borrowing
savings, back into
spending in the economy, for productive-and-profitable
investments (private or Public) always helps, and never hinders, economic growth. All of the above are ways, of taking "stationary" money out of
savings, and "moving" the money back into
spending, in the economy. "Consensual" borrowing-based
investment (private or Public) has had a better track-record, for long term growth & sustainability, than "non-consensual" tax-based welfare, for
personal consumption expenditures. In analogy, the former is like manufacturing fishing poles
(capital) and teaching people
(human capital) how to fish; the latter is like giving them (money for) fish. Only the former is sustainable in the long term.
Successful Public
Investment programs, based on
borrowing savings, in the past; do not logically justify Public
welfare programs, based on
taxing savings, in the present. The only similarity, between
borrowing-based Public Investment (Fiscal Stimulus), and
taxation-based Public assistance (welfare), is that both involve Government. In analogy, the former is like an "apple", and the latter is like an "orange", that "both come from the same grocery store". In further analogy, Pres. Obama and Senator-candidate Warren (seemingly) suggesting that successful Public Investment programs, from generations ago; automatically mandate "gratitude to Government", and hiking taxes, today, for welfare programs; is like selling "oranges" today, by reminding store customers that "apples" from weeks & months ago were good.
The successful, past, Public Investment programs, to which prominent Democrats (seemingly) draw attention, were
funded differently (revenue side, borrowing
vs. taxing), and
spent differently (expenditure side,
Public Investments by "We the People"
vs.
personal welfare for millions of "me myself & i's"), than the welfare programs, to which they, then and thereby, seem to promote.
EDIT:
At present, the rate of personal savings is about
a half trillion dollars (per year), whilst businesses save about
one and a half trillion dollars (per year). Thus,
most re-
investment, of
savings, is done by businesses, with their
own retained earnings. Still,
a half trillion dollars per year is allot of money; is about
4% of GDP; could decrease the UE rate by about
2% (according to Okun's Law), if borrowed and spent wisely. Inexpertly, much of aggregate personal savings would be accumulated by wealthier, higher-income earners. If so, then they could make an important minor contribution to the economy as a whole.