The government owes Social Security about $2.8 trillion. The government also owes China and other holders of U.S. debt. Are they holding "worthless" debt as some seem to insinuate Social Security is holding? Sounds like someone should enlighten China and the others.
Intragovernmental Holdings
Which agencies own the most Treasuries? Social Security, by a long shot.
Here's the detailed breakdown (as of December 31, 2015):
- Social Security (Social Security Trust Fund and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund) - $2.786 trillion
- Office of Personnel Management Retirement - $873 billion
- Military Retirement Fund - $601 billion
- Medicare (Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund, Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund) - $267 billion
- All Other Retirement Funds - $187 billion
- Cash on Hand to Fund Federal Government Operations - $508 billion. (Source: Treasury Bulletin, Monthly Treasury Statement, Table 6. Schedule D-Investments of Federal Government Accounts in Federal Securities, December 2015)
Debt Held by the Public
Here's the breakout:
- Foreign - $6.175 trillion
- Federal Reserve - $2.461 trillion
- Mutual Funds - $1.056 trillion
- State and Local Government, including their pension funds - $803 billion
- Private Pension Funds - $403 billion
- Banks - $515 billion
- Insurance Companies - $293 billion
- U.S. Savings Bonds - $174 billion
- Other (individuals, government-sponsored enterprises, brokers and dealers, bank personal trusts and estates, corporate and non-corporate businesses, and other investors) - $1.198 trillion. (Sources: Federal Reserve, Factors Affecting Reserve Balance, May 12, 2016. Treasury Bulletin, Ownership of Federal Securities, Table OFS-2, as of June 2015)
This debt is not only in
Treasury bills, notes, and bonds but also
TIPS and special State and Local Government Series securities.
What About Foreign Ownership of the Debt?
China owns $1.157 trillion U.S. debt. As of September 2016, it was the largest foreign holder.
Japan is next, holding $1.136 trillion. Both Japan and
China want to keep the
value of the dollar high when compared to their currencies. That helps their exports to the United States seem more affordable, which helps their economies grow. That's why, despite China's occasional threats to sell its holdings, both countries are happy to be America's biggest foreign bankers. China replaced the United Kingdom as the second largest foreign holder on May 31, 2007. That's when it increased its holdings to $699 billion, outpacing the United Kingdom's $640 billion.
Ireland is third, holding $270 billion. The Cayman Islands is fourth, at $262 billion. Luxembourg is seventh ($227 billion), and Belgium is eleventh ($142 billion). The Bureau of International Settlements believes all three are fronts for
sovereign wealth funds and
hedge funds that don't want to reveal their positions.
Brazil is the fifth largest holder at $258 billion. The next largest holders are Switzerland, the UK,
Hong Kong, Taiwan, and
India. They each hold between $122 - $240 billion each. (Source:
Foreign Holding of U.S. Treasury Securities, October 18, 2016. "
Petrodollars and Global Imbalances," U.S. Treasury, February 2006.)
Data is from various reports that are released at different times. Therefore, the total may not add up to $19 trillion.
The Real Owner of the U.S. Debt Will Surprise You
Bottom Line: We can't undo what was done to Social Security - but the solution is not to abolish it.