Evolution of the Saxophone

badger2

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We first recall that John Coltrane's Both Directions at Once, Giant Steps, and others, are classics in the evolution of saxophone virtuosity.

The Lost Album
John Coltrane’s majestic 1963 session, Both Directions at Once, is discovered

As the article states, Coltrane died of liver cancer. Many do not know that the cancer was hepatitis B-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Coltrane experimented in chord-stacking and other techniques that were well ahead of their time, Today it is possible to play the genes for hepatocellular carcinoma on the saxophone, which sequences challenge anyone who thinks they have a command over their instrument. This is an exercise in motor skills and decision making of which Coltrane was an adept, no doubt about it. In an amino acid approach (reminiscent of Coltrane's "Nature Boy"), Nature itself has already written the sheet music.

To follow the sheet music of any living organism means to read and play its amino acid sequences. It is interesting that, unknown to us, not only was Coltrane's album being released (June 2018), amino acid saxophone was coming into being during these same weeks. As it progressed, a colleague mentioned to this writer the "Pi Piano" that can be seen and heard at youtube. This was a pleasant inspiration, because it showed that another human was working along these same lines. We note that the Pi approach has a limited range of ten digits, whereas the amino acid saxophone has a basic range of twenty amino acids which can be assigned to the keys of the instrument.

In assigning the amino acids to the keys of the saxophone, we used the isoelectric points of amino acids, each one being unique. Arranging their pH values from high to low, we arrive at a template that can be used to read amino acid sequences, applied to such things as reading of important genes such as found in dyslexia, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, etc.
 
Unlike guitar or piano, many woodwinds are not instruments that can be monitored to see where the fingers are moving, an exception is the soprano sax. It is a more abstract approach to visuo-motor skills. So that the musically inclined can begin to hear the world of amino acids, we offer our initial isoelectric approach for assigning concert pitch to the tenor saxophone:

Amino acid is on left, concert pitch sax key is on right:

R E flat

K D

H C sharp

P C

A B

L B flat

G A

V A flat

I G

W F sharp

M F

S E

Y E flat

Q D

T C sharp

F C
----------------------------------------------- Octave Key Line

N B

C B flat

E A

D A flat

This is our original assignment for the 20 amino acids, and can be applied to a piano keyboard, including moving the octave range. From the middle A flat down, the keys are assigned just as the upper register, with the following G being I (isoleucine), until one comes again to the lowest note, A flat.

For Halloween, we have inserted ominous-sounding chords to those amino sequences that contain such things as lethal or disease-causing mutations, which mutations change the melody line somewhat. Though this method can be used as a creative tool by musicians, it also affords an added human sense for memory retention of study material for students of medicine, science, etc.

We hope that other world-famous sax players (such as Chris Potter) investigate the challenge of amino acid music.
 
Having owned a Selmer Mark VI tenor sax, a personal boycott of Selmer will be a lasting one. The Mendini tenor sax (made in Italy) is indeed heavy, though that should prompt at least a few prisoners to begin thinking about a life of chronically having the damn thing hanging around their necks. We will use the Mendini placed on a stand that can still allow some freedom of movement when seated or standing. Admirably, Mendini has done a stellar job in producing a tenor saxophone.
 
Towards Freeing the Prisoners

Woodwind players across the world have always seemed to be prisoner of one note at a time. Selmer Corporation knew as early as 1987 that these players could have both melody and chord production capability at their fingertips. Over the decades, we watched as MIDI controllers such as EWI and Roland created a market that to this day still does not allow woodwinds to explore the fascinating world of chord production from their instrument. We wait no longer.

The electric saxophone was a reality in 1987, and chord-producing came by serendipity. The apparatus, based on solenoids, could be attached to any keyboard in the world. Connection to a digital synth keyboard, however, was more problematic due to electromagnetic interference in proximity to digital circuits. Nonetheless, optoisolators mostly solved the problem, though this voided the warranty on the synth side of things. If the reader attempts an electric sax, we suggest they be aware of preventing such experimentations by a company's future designs. Solenoids must be extended to a safe proximity, but this also gives the flexibility of attachment to any keyboard.

Currently, one approach is to split the left and right hands on the woodwind instrument so that a melody can be played simultaneously along with chord accompaniment by the other hand. This approach is reminiscent of Coltrane's Both Directions at Once. A similar trajectory is the one-handed saxophone used by stroke victims (youtube). In addition, we have already outlined all chords as they can be adapted to amino acid music. The orthography of this music pretty much eliminates at least four lines of the traditional musical staff, at least the eye-straining clusters of black dots with flags that give the prisoner a certain amount of time between measures. The placing of various notes in the amino acid system uses dots placed above or below the letter of the amino acid to designate where on the instrument the target note is located. The system of orthography may evolve considering such things as dyslexia, etc.
 
Benefits of the Electric Sax

The sound of a real saxophone can be superimposed over synth sounds

The player can add vocals and backup vocals while simultaneously producing music from their instrument

Electric sax on a stand helps to prevent fatigue

Fingering exercises for chord and melody production is as challenging as it can get when amino acids are substituted for the musical names of the notes. This approach gives as much variation possibility as a Moog One can give variety of sound patches.
 
Coltrane's famous tune that pioneered chord stacking, here reproduced with an incredible duel horn harmony passage at lightning speed:

Woody Herman, Giant Steps
 
Somewhat similar to what amino acid melodies sound like on sax is Chris Potter's solo starting at around time-point 2:36.

Chris Potter
 
We first recall that John Coltrane's Both Directions at Once, Giant Steps, and others, are classics in the evolution of saxophone virtuosity.

The Lost Album
John Coltrane’s majestic 1963 session, Both Directions at Once, is discovered

As the article states, Coltrane died of liver cancer. Many do not know that the cancer was hepatitis B-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Coltrane experimented in chord-stacking and other techniques that were well ahead of their time, Today it is possible to play the genes for hepatocellular carcinoma on the saxophone, which sequences challenge anyone who thinks they have a command over their instrument. This is an exercise in motor skills and decision making of which Coltrane was an adept, no doubt about it. In an amino acid approach (reminiscent of Coltrane's "Nature Boy"), Nature itself has already written the sheet music.

To follow the sheet music of any living organism means to read and play its amino acid sequences. It is interesting that, unknown to us, not only was Coltrane's album being released (June 2018), amino acid saxophone was coming into being during these same weeks. As it progressed, a colleague mentioned to this writer the "Pi Piano" that can be seen and heard at youtube. This was a pleasant inspiration, because it showed that another human was working along these same lines. We note that the Pi approach has a limited range of ten digits, whereas the amino acid saxophone has a basic range of twenty amino acids which can be assigned to the keys of the instrument.

In assigning the amino acids to the keys of the saxophone, we used the isoelectric points of amino acids, each one being unique. Arranging their pH values from high to low, we arrive at a template that can be used to read amino acid sequences, applied to such things as reading of important genes such as found in dyslexia, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, etc.
I learned Sax off a Black guy, he and I could not read music. I learned a method call Soul Sax and it got me far with a lot of pleasure. I was strange Sitting in with a bunch of black guys looking white. I even got a name "Sky Man.". Funny how life is. I learn how to play BASS upright. Strange that I was able to read the bass cleft.
 
Benefits of the Electric Sax

The sound of a real saxophone can be superimposed over synth sounds

The player can add vocals and backup vocals while simultaneously producing music from their instrument

Electric sax on a stand helps to prevent fatigue

Fingering exercises for chord and melody production is as challenging as it can get when amino acids are substituted for the musical names of the notes. This approach gives as much variation possibility as a Moog One can give variety of sound patches.
Yep take the soul out of the music too.
 
Benefits of the Electric Sax

The sound of a real saxophone can be superimposed over synth sounds

The player can add vocals and backup vocals while simultaneously producing music from their instrument

Electric sax on a stand helps to prevent fatigue

Fingering exercises for chord and melody production is as challenging as it can get when amino acids are substituted for the musical names of the notes. This approach gives as much variation possibility as a Moog One can give variety of sound patches.
Yep take the soul out of the music too.
People: music comes from the Soul it always has from the Delta to the City. If you don't have soul you are nothing but wind chimes. Some people play what they feel this is why some people don't play with the song because it does not move them. Music brings out the "whats happening" to those who hear it and they ID with what you are playing and feeling that the connection they like. Even some of the 60s music brings back feeling on some songs. Mind is "If I could Keep time in a Bottle". I hope you understand why electronic SAX or any other thing sucks.
 
The term "soul" is problematic as is the assumption that all music comes from the Delta. What Delta? If Chris Potter were an atheist, "soul" would indeed be a misnomer. Music cannot be defined by anthropomorphizing it. Nature also creates music that has nothing to do with Homo sapiens, and does not follow an H. sapiens template. Amino acid music is just such music, and a musically-inclined physician has just as much right to use it to capture this nuance of Nature as anyone else. We will be using it in medicine, jazz composition, etc..

In considering the evolution of the saxophone, Chris Potter gets our vote as the greatest living tenor sax player in the world, and its evolution cannot go further unless the physical parameters of the instrument change or the music-reading code is scrambled. Potter puts all of himself into the music, which is being produced as fast as humanly possible. This speed is a tribute to the Homo sapiens brain, a brain that can make mechanical decisions at lightning speed.

Another incredible accomplishment of Homo sapiens can be heard on Steely Dan's West of Hollywood, where Potter takes a ride at time-point 4:30.

West of Hollywood
 
Coltrane, Giant Steps


We said "greatest tenor sax player" because all of the saxophones are either slower or faster than others not only depending on the particular horn, but also due to the shear physics of the instrument. Paul Desmond's alto is faster than Stan Getz's tenor, Jerry Mulligan's bari is slower than both. Our criteria of speed used to judge greatness is only in regard to the human mind in making clean, fast, mechanical decisions. Our criteria is military.

This charts the preferences of individual players, and the site can be accessed if this URL does not work:

Artist Saxophone Mouthpiece Setup, Mouthpiece Data, Reed Chart
(Site not secure)
www.dannychesnut.com/Music/Sax/MouthpieceData/ArtistSaxMouthpiece.htm

In choosing isoelectric data by which to assign the keys of the sax to amino acids, we had to eliminate up to nine other criteria in evaluating aminos, because they did not show uniqueness for each amino acid:

Molecular weight
Eccentric connectivity index
Number of hydrogen bonds
Sum of atomic van der Waals volumes
Polarizability
Eccentricity
Sphericity
Hydrophilic factor
 
If Chris Potter were to play his West of Hollywood solo on an electric saxophone, the keyboard of a piano or synth would be in synchrony to the notes produced from his horn.
 
USMB stem cells thread links to adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs), which in turn link to Alzheimer's. We first excerpt from the secretome to link olfactomedin to the aluminosilicate hypothesis of Alzheimer's, then we will take a look at the music involved:

Secretomes
Characterization of secretomes provides evidence for adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells subtypes
'....which contribute to regenerative processes but were not previously associated with ADScs....included proteins with neurotrophic activities....olfactomedin-like 3....which were not previously associated with ADSCs....'

We next make the olfactomedin link to Alzheimer's
olfactomedin[AND]alzheimer's - PubMed - NCBI

When the reader scrolls down to the olfactomedin-4 protein sequence, note the unusual number of serines at positions 40-60. This 510 amino acid sequence can be played according to the previously-posted key assignment for horn, and is the first sequence we have played that links the aluminosilicate hypothesis:

Olfactomedin 4
OLFM4 - Olfactomedin-4 precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - OLFM4 gene & protein
 
An Alzheimer's-Zika Connection

Alzheimer's at Age 30
https://www.everydayhealth.com/colu...0-an-old-persons-disease-hits-a-young-family/
'....one of 200,000 Americans who have early onset....'

Oct 2018 Zika Alanine-to-Valine Mutant
An Alanine-to-Valine Substitution in the Residue 175 of Zika Virus NS2A Protein Affects Viral RNA Synthesis and Attenuates the Virus In Vivo. - PubMed - NCBI
'....we have generated a mutant ZIKV....'

Japan: Valine-to-Alanine Early Onset, 26-36 Years
New V272A presenilin 1 mutation with very early onset subcortical dementia and parkinsonism. - PubMed - NCBI

Japan (1998): Alanine-to-Valine Early Onset, 40.3 Years
[Mutation analysis of S182 (presenilin-I) in patients with familial Alzheimer's disease and its biological function]. - PubMed - NCBI
'....may be attributable to factors other than the PS gene....'

Other reasons for amino acid music, Japanese alphabets, etc. link to Alzheimer's and dementia at time-point 53:52 in the video:

The Latest on Alzheimer's Research (2014)

' 53:52: crossword puzzles....learn new language....learn new skill....'

By playing these amino acid melody sequences, one can now hear the sound of Alzheimer's and Zika mutations.
 
Post #2 shows that R,K, and H are the first three amino acids in the isoelectric sequence. Here we link this sequence to ovarian and other cancers:

State-of-the-art is the less-invasive "liquid biopsies" for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

Tokyo Feb 2018 PIK3CA and KRAS Mutations in Cell Free Circulating DNA are Useful Markers for Monitoring Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma
PIK3CA and KRAS mutations in cell free circulating DNA are useful markers for monitoring ovarian clear cell carcinoma. - PubMed - NCBI
' Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) exhibits distinct phenotypes, such as resistance to chemotherapy, poor prognosis and an association with endometriosis/ Biomarkers and imaging techniques currently in use are not sufficient for reliable diagnosis of the tumor or prediction of therapeutic response....Here we show that we were able to specifically detect PIK3CA-H1047R and KRAS-G12D in cfDNA from OCCC patients and monitor ntheir response to therapy. Furthermore, we found that by cleaving wild-type PIK3CA using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, we were able to improve the sensitivity of the ddPCR method and detect cfDNA harboring PIK3CA-H1047R.
....
Although PIK3CA mutations have been detected in cfDNA from patients with breast or colorectal cancers, there have been no reports investigating ovarian cancer....Of particular interest is the fact that the increase in PIK3CA-H1047R levels preceded recurrence and an increase in CA 125 levels in patient OCCC25. In addition, PIK3CA-H1047R levels increased more significantly than CA 125 levels in patients OCCC13 and OCCC25. These results suggest that detection of PIK3CA-H1047R would be useful for the diagnosis of OCCC and for predicting its recurrence.'

The mutation goes from the histidine (H) to arginine (R), thus giving a direction isoelectrically, from a lower value to a higher one as far as pH is concerned, in fact the highest one (R) which is the top note of the saxophone in concert pitch (E flat). There is the technology of isolelectric focusing, though we know of no study that has compared directions in this manner for cancer mutations.
 
When we play the ovarian cancer marker for the H to R mutation, which sounds quite interesting in places, the musician can see/hear that there is already a very interesting potential chord progression at that position if including both the normal histidine and the mutant arginine. We have de-capitalized the histidine in the sequence:

TEQEALEYFM KQMNDAhHGG WTTKMDWIFH

Furthermore, we can now see that initially there is a "Siamese" histidine at the mutation point, recalling that for Alzheimer's, prions, etc., copper metabolism is coordinated by histidines (copper-binding domain). Thus, there is a copper metabolism clue hidden in this ovarian cancer-linked biomarker, which can occur before (and more significantly) than the more traditional marker, CA 125.
 
4 Dec 2018 Woman's Husky Sniffs Out Cancer for the Third Time: "I Owe My Life to That Dog"
Woman's husky sniffs out cancer for the third time: 'I owe my life to that dog'


'Repair of the ovarian surface after ovulation can result in the development of ovarian cysts lined with epithelial tissue. This portion of the ovarian surface epithelium can become isolated and may be constantly exposed to hormones and growth factors. Together, these observations provide grounds for the hypothesis that the epithelium associated with cysts represents a primary source of ovarian cancer.'
(Ovarian Cancer: Methods and Protocols, , Anastasia Malek (St. Petersburg, Russia), Oleg Tchernitsa (Berlin, Germany), eds. [2013])
 
The possibility is that Siberian husky cancer sensing is an odor memory.

Canine Mammary Epithelial Cancer
Expression of stratified squamous epithelia-type cytokeratin by canine mammary epithelial cells during tumorigenesis: type I (acidic) 57 kilodalton... - PubMed - NCBI
'....isoelectric-pH value of 5.1....'

The canine isoelectric value of 5.1 is closest to low register B flat on saxophone (~ pH 5.15) which is cysteine (see chart, above). Cysteine is linked to odor memory:

Olfactory Memory Cysteine / TRIM32
The neural stem cell fate determinant TRIM32 regulates complex behavioral traits. - PubMed - NCBI
'....cysteine metabolism....deregulated....odor memory.'

Thus, cysteine may be a clue to the odor of human ovarian cancer sensed by dogs.
 

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