My uncle and I (both of us have target rifles in .22-250) used scraps of 1/2" steel plate for long-range targets. The rounds (cast lead handloads) punched cleanly through the plates. His brother's 6mm (.244 Remington) did the same. It's the formula for KE: half the mass, multiplied by the velocity squared. Velocity is therefore MUCH more critical than mass.
Well it appears that I'm wrong and I'm willing to admit it. I found this VERY interesting, right through 3/8" steel:
The plate is not hardened, it's mild steel no matter what they are saying. They simply don't know. I would love to know which projectile they were using though. Probably the 52 grain Hornady. As can be seen though, there is only splash that makes it out the other side.
They actually said what ammunition they were using. In this video, he uses two different types, a 55 grain solid and a 50 grain JHP. Both the steel plate and a cinder block are penetrated:
But in my search for videos, what was equally enlightening was what I didn't find, videos put out by body armor manufacturers showing their plates successfully stopping a 22-250 round.
And I admit I suck at math, but the video I first posted actually shows the statistical data on the shot.
But there's something more to consider. Even if you're right and it wasn't hardened steel, it was still 3/8", meaning that a thinner trauma plate like the kind we wear in our vests, might not offer protection even if it's a tougher alloy.
I'm not saying I know for sure, because a lot of this just goes beyond my level of knowledge.