P F Tinmore, et al,
Well, you have to remember that, on 15 May the Arab League crossed the frontier as armed aggressors exerting an external influence. By launching such an attack it introduced a number of changes that otherwise may have turned-out differently.
There were many parts to Resolution 181.
- Proposed borders
- Land for two states.
- International Jerusalem.
- Rights of the people.
- Citizenship.
- UN control of the millitary.
- Constitutions.
Where was Israel on these issues?
(COMMENT)
In general, a formal declaration made by Government of Israel accepted all the obligations stipulated in the United Nations Charter is enclosed; at a time Prior to the Arab League crossing the frontiers as armed aggressors. Once more, the The Partition Plan A/RES/181 (II) was a recommendation only; UN Special Committee.
• Borders: Prior to the Arab League crossing the frontiers as armed aggressors, Israel assumed their basic position as: he State of Israel has been proclaimed as an independent republic within the frontiers approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations in its Resolution of November 29, 1947. - See more at:
The hidden documents that reveal the true borders of Israel and Palestine (Updated)
• Two-States: Prior to the Arab League crossing the frontiers as armed aggressors, the Israeli position envisioned a Two-State (Israel - Palestine) starting at the end of the Mandate, which would lead to the establishment of two states in a series of parallel stages. Because the Plan was rejected by the Arab side, it could not be implemented.
• Jerusalem: Prior to the Arab League crossing the frontiers as armed aggressors, assumed that the UN recommendation on the issue of Jerusalem would be the interim position. However, the Government House in the neutralized area, established by the United Nations in its effort to pacify an increasing area of the Holy City.
• Rights of the People: Israel did accept in principle, freedom of religion, language, speech and publication, education, assembly and association; including the non-discriminatory rights in civil, political, and economic matters.
• Citizenship: This is a Part I - Section C - Chapter 3 - Clause 1: issue and NOT a Step Preparatory to Independence. Having said that: Israel had a basic acceptance that Arabs residing in the area of the proposed Jewish State intending to remain in the Jewish State would be granted Israeli Citizenship. Citizenship would be a Post War consideration.
• UN Control of Military:
• Letter From the
Agent of the Provisional Government of Israel to the President of the United States, May 15, 1948 --- states in part: The "Provisional Government has been charged to assume the rights and duties of government for
preserving law and order within the boundaries of Israel, for defending the state against external aggression, and for discharging the obligations of Israel to the other nations of the world in accordance with international law.
• In S/1093, Israel adopted the position formally that the independence of the State of Israel was proclaimed by the National Council of the Jewish People in Palestine. Since that time --- Israel has been improving administratively and defended itself successfully against the aggression of Arab League.
• Constitutions: Israel operates under the Basic Law concept, as do many independent states. There several Basic Laws that pertain to the rights outlined in the Steps Preparatory to Independence. One such law is:
Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty
But what I gather here is that you are trying to find something that the Israelis did not accomplish within the list of Steps Preparatory to Independence. And much of that was truncated by the Arab League crossing the frontiers as armed aggressors against Israel. What I think is even more incredible is that for as much as you pound on the concept of these various rights you fail to acknowledge that the Arab League entered into an international armed conflict (IAC) on a justification contrary to the UN Charter. While Israel seldom makes this an issue, probably because the Arab League lost more effective control, then it achieved. This is true in 1948-49 Israeli War of Independence, 1967 Six Day War, and the 1973 Yom Kipper War.
Again, it should be stressed that Israel never took any territory that was under the effective control of the Hostile Arab Palestinians.
Most Respectfully,
R