1. Effects. Glaciers melting, Artic Ice melting. Outgassing of yedoma and permafrost. Outgassing of Arctic Ocean clathrates.
2. Look at the graph. Notice that there have been many periods when the temperature actualy declined for more than ten years. In fact, in the period of the intense industrialization of Europe, Japan, and North America, the temperature declined due to solar and reflectivity of sulphates put into the atmosphere.
However, in spite of the intense industrialization of Asia, and the resultant pollution, in spite of a record solar minimum for the last 180 years, and a strong La Nina in 2008, 2009, if you start from 1998, the last ten years have been flat. If you start from 1997, or 1999, there has been a rise.
So your statement is the result of a cherry picked starting point. The last decade has been the warmest decade on record.
But rejoice! The next decade will be even warmer.