- Banned
- #1
The scientific opinion on climate change is that the Earth's climate
system is unequivocally warming, and it is extremely likely (at least
95% probability) that humans are causing most of it through activities
that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such
as deforestation and burning fossil fuels. In addition, it is likely
that some potential further greenhouse gas warming has been offset by
increased aerosols.[1][2][3][4] This scientific consensus is expressed
in synthesis reports, by scientific bodies of national or international
standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. Individual
scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall
scientific opinion via their peer-reviewed publications, and the areas
of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarized in these
high level reports and surveys.
National and international science academies and scientific societies
have assessed current scientific opinion on climate change. These
assessments are generally consistent with the conclusions of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), summarized below:
o Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as evidenced by
increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread
melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.[5]
o Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely
due to human activities.[6]
o "Benefits and costs of climate change for [human] society will vary
widely by location and scale.[7] Some of the effects in temperate and
polar regions will be positive and others elsewhere will be negative.[7]
Overall, net effects are more likely to be strongly negative with larger
or more rapid warming."[7]
o "[...] the range of published evidence indicates that the net damage
costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase
over time"[8]
o "The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded this
century by an unprecedented combination of climate change, associated
disturbances (e.g. flooding, drought, wildfire, insects, ocean
acidification) and other global change drivers (e.g. land-use change,
pollution, fragmentation of natural systems, over-exploitation of
resources)"[9]
No scientific body of national or international standing
maintains a formal opinion dissenting from any of these main
points; the last was the American Association of Petroleum
Geologists,[10] which in 2007[11] updated its 1999 statement rejecting
the likelihood of human influence on recent climate with its current
non-committal position.[12] Some other organizations, primarily those
focusing on geology, also hold non-committal positions.
ORGANIZATIONS HOLDING CONCURRING POSITION STATEMENTS
Since 2001 34 national science academies, three regional academies, and
both the international Inter Academy Council and International Council
of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences have made formal
declarations confirming human induced global warming and urging nations
to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. The 34 national science academy
statements include 33 who have signed joint science academy statements
and one individual declaration by the Polish Academy of Sciences in
2007.
[As you look at the many and varied organizations on this list,
try to justify for each of these, the charge they are all falsely
supporting the IPCC and AGW theory simply to get grant money - for
instance, how much climate change research money flows into the coffers
of America's pediatricians?]
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Federation of Australian Scientific and Technological Societies
United States National Research Council
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
U.S. Global Change Research Program
Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
Royal Society of New Zealand
Royal Society of the United Kingdom
African Academy of Sciences
European Academy of Science and Arts
European Science Foundation
Inter Academy Council
International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological
Sciences
American Chemical Society
American Institute of Physics
American Physical Society
Australian Institute of Physics
European Physical Society
American Geophysical Union
American Society of Agronomy
Crop Science Society of America
Soil Science Society of America
European Federation of Geologists
European Geosciences Union
Geological Society of America
Geological Society of London
International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
National Association of Geoscience Teachers
American Meteorological Society
Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society
Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences
Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society
Royal Meteorological Society (UK)
World Meteorological Organization
American Quaternary Association
International Union for Quaternary Research
American Association of Wildlife Veterinarians
American Institute of Biological Sciences
American Society for Microbiology
Australian Coral Reef Society
Institute of Biology (UK)
Society of American Foresters
The Wildlife Society
American Academy of Pediatrics
American College of Preventative Medicine
American Medical Association
American Public Health Association
Australian Medical Association
World Federation of Public Health Associations
World Health Organization
American Astronomical Society
American Statistical Association
Engineers Canada
The Institution of Engineers Australia
International Association for Great Lakes Research
Institute of Professional Engineers New Zealand
The World Federation of Engineering Organizations
ORGANIZATIONS HOLDING NON-COMMITTAL POSITION STATEMENTS
American Association of Petroleum Geologists (formerly the only
major organization rejecting AGW). Their statement now reads:
the AAPG membership is divided on the degree of influence that
anthropogenic CO2 has on recent and potential global temperature
increases ... Certain climate simulation models predict that the warming
trend will continue, as reported through NAS, AGU, AAAS and AMS. AAPG
respects these scientific opinions but wants to add that the current
climate warming projections could fall within well-documented natural
variations in past climate and observed temperature data. These data do
not necessarily support the maximum case scenarios forecast in some
models.[97]
Prior to the adoption of this statement, the AAPG was the only major
scientific organization that rejected the finding of significant human
influence on recent climate, according to a statement by the Council of
the American Quaternary Association.[10] Explaining the plan for a
revision, AAPG president Lee Billingsly wrote in March 2007:
Members have threatened to not renew their memberships... if AAPG
does not alter its position on global climate change... And I have been
told of members who already have resigned in previous years because of
our current global climate change position... The current policy
statement is not supported by a significant number of our members and
prospective members.[98]
AAPG President John Lorenz announced the "sunsetting" of AAPG's Global
Climate Change Committee in January 2010. The AAPG Executive Committee
determined:
Climate change is peripheral at best to our science [...] AAPG does
not have credibility in that field [...] and as a group we have no
particular knowledge of global atmospheric geophysics.[99]
American Geological Institute "...strongly supports education
concerning... the potential for future climate change due to the current
building of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases..."
American Institute of Professional Geologists "...professionals
in AIPG recognize that climate change is occurring and has the
potential to yield catastrophic impacts if humanity is not prepared..."
Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences "The level of CO2 in our
atmosphere is now greater than at any time in the past 500,000 years;
there will be consequences for our global climate and natural systems as
a result".
DISSENTING
None.
system is unequivocally warming, and it is extremely likely (at least
95% probability) that humans are causing most of it through activities
that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such
as deforestation and burning fossil fuels. In addition, it is likely
that some potential further greenhouse gas warming has been offset by
increased aerosols.[1][2][3][4] This scientific consensus is expressed
in synthesis reports, by scientific bodies of national or international
standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. Individual
scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall
scientific opinion via their peer-reviewed publications, and the areas
of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarized in these
high level reports and surveys.
National and international science academies and scientific societies
have assessed current scientific opinion on climate change. These
assessments are generally consistent with the conclusions of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), summarized below:
o Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as evidenced by
increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread
melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.[5]
o Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely
due to human activities.[6]
o "Benefits and costs of climate change for [human] society will vary
widely by location and scale.[7] Some of the effects in temperate and
polar regions will be positive and others elsewhere will be negative.[7]
Overall, net effects are more likely to be strongly negative with larger
or more rapid warming."[7]
o "[...] the range of published evidence indicates that the net damage
costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase
over time"[8]
o "The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded this
century by an unprecedented combination of climate change, associated
disturbances (e.g. flooding, drought, wildfire, insects, ocean
acidification) and other global change drivers (e.g. land-use change,
pollution, fragmentation of natural systems, over-exploitation of
resources)"[9]
No scientific body of national or international standing
maintains a formal opinion dissenting from any of these main
points; the last was the American Association of Petroleum
Geologists,[10] which in 2007[11] updated its 1999 statement rejecting
the likelihood of human influence on recent climate with its current
non-committal position.[12] Some other organizations, primarily those
focusing on geology, also hold non-committal positions.
ORGANIZATIONS HOLDING CONCURRING POSITION STATEMENTS
Since 2001 34 national science academies, three regional academies, and
both the international Inter Academy Council and International Council
of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences have made formal
declarations confirming human induced global warming and urging nations
to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. The 34 national science academy
statements include 33 who have signed joint science academy statements
and one individual declaration by the Polish Academy of Sciences in
2007.
[As you look at the many and varied organizations on this list,
try to justify for each of these, the charge they are all falsely
supporting the IPCC and AGW theory simply to get grant money - for
instance, how much climate change research money flows into the coffers
of America's pediatricians?]
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Federation of Australian Scientific and Technological Societies
United States National Research Council
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
U.S. Global Change Research Program
Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
Royal Society of New Zealand
Royal Society of the United Kingdom
African Academy of Sciences
European Academy of Science and Arts
European Science Foundation
Inter Academy Council
International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological
Sciences
American Chemical Society
American Institute of Physics
American Physical Society
Australian Institute of Physics
European Physical Society
American Geophysical Union
American Society of Agronomy
Crop Science Society of America
Soil Science Society of America
European Federation of Geologists
European Geosciences Union
Geological Society of America
Geological Society of London
International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
National Association of Geoscience Teachers
American Meteorological Society
Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society
Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences
Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society
Royal Meteorological Society (UK)
World Meteorological Organization
American Quaternary Association
International Union for Quaternary Research
American Association of Wildlife Veterinarians
American Institute of Biological Sciences
American Society for Microbiology
Australian Coral Reef Society
Institute of Biology (UK)
Society of American Foresters
The Wildlife Society
American Academy of Pediatrics
American College of Preventative Medicine
American Medical Association
American Public Health Association
Australian Medical Association
World Federation of Public Health Associations
World Health Organization
American Astronomical Society
American Statistical Association
Engineers Canada
The Institution of Engineers Australia
International Association for Great Lakes Research
Institute of Professional Engineers New Zealand
The World Federation of Engineering Organizations
ORGANIZATIONS HOLDING NON-COMMITTAL POSITION STATEMENTS
American Association of Petroleum Geologists (formerly the only
major organization rejecting AGW). Their statement now reads:
the AAPG membership is divided on the degree of influence that
anthropogenic CO2 has on recent and potential global temperature
increases ... Certain climate simulation models predict that the warming
trend will continue, as reported through NAS, AGU, AAAS and AMS. AAPG
respects these scientific opinions but wants to add that the current
climate warming projections could fall within well-documented natural
variations in past climate and observed temperature data. These data do
not necessarily support the maximum case scenarios forecast in some
models.[97]
Prior to the adoption of this statement, the AAPG was the only major
scientific organization that rejected the finding of significant human
influence on recent climate, according to a statement by the Council of
the American Quaternary Association.[10] Explaining the plan for a
revision, AAPG president Lee Billingsly wrote in March 2007:
Members have threatened to not renew their memberships... if AAPG
does not alter its position on global climate change... And I have been
told of members who already have resigned in previous years because of
our current global climate change position... The current policy
statement is not supported by a significant number of our members and
prospective members.[98]
AAPG President John Lorenz announced the "sunsetting" of AAPG's Global
Climate Change Committee in January 2010. The AAPG Executive Committee
determined:
Climate change is peripheral at best to our science [...] AAPG does
not have credibility in that field [...] and as a group we have no
particular knowledge of global atmospheric geophysics.[99]
American Geological Institute "...strongly supports education
concerning... the potential for future climate change due to the current
building of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases..."
American Institute of Professional Geologists "...professionals
in AIPG recognize that climate change is occurring and has the
potential to yield catastrophic impacts if humanity is not prepared..."
Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences "The level of CO2 in our
atmosphere is now greater than at any time in the past 500,000 years;
there will be consequences for our global climate and natural systems as
a result".
DISSENTING
None.