Ancient depictions of pre-Indo-Europeans native (white - red or blond hair)

[yiostheoy]

Herodotus is the only ancient written source that we have, and his "science" is questionable since he relies on various oral traditions for his source-data.

He said the most ancient Europeans were reddish haired and were displaced by blondes from Persia.

That's what he says.

Our own archaeological data don't tell us anything about hair and eyes obviously.

The Germanics suddenly appear out of nowhere in Denmark.

The Slavs suddenly appear out of nowhere in Poland.

The Aryans suddenly appear out of nowhere in Afghanistan.

The Semitics suddenly appear out of nowhere in Syria-Iraq.

The Afro-Asiatics suddenly appear out of nowhere in Egypt.

We know nothing about the Australian aboriginals and the sub-Saharan aboriginals we know nothing about.

 

[historycisalpin]

I recently read this book:

Etruscan: an Anatolian language from archaic morphology and a Semitic lexicon

During the first centuries of the second millennium BC, Assyrian merchants from Assur, on the upper reaches of the Tigris, organized a large-scale commercial exchange with Central Anatolia. They settled in different locations, Karum calls, an Akkadian word that usually means a dock or a port in Mesopotamia and in Anatolia indicates the district of Assyrian merchants. So, the Karum period - sviluppatosinell'antico Assyrian period - covers the time during which the Assyrians traded in Anatolia, from the mid-20th century to the late 18th century BC and corresponding, more or less, to the "Middle Bronze Age." In Anatolia, this period is characterized by an important phase of urbanization. At the beginning of the second millennium BC some plateau sites become very large. Creating Karums and wabartums (for smaller business sites) brought important economic and socio-political changes that influenced the local culture Anatolian material. New traditions flourished pottery and miniature art of cylinder seals; at the same time the production became standardized. The Karum period saw the development of several important fortified city on the main roads, showing a similar organization to that of Kanis: a huge palace and several temples built on top of a hill, with a lower terrace, where the area is occupied formed of wooden houses built and mattoni.Il center of the commercial network in Anatolia was based in Kanis (modern Kültepe) and covered most of central Anatolia. To the east of the plateau, the caravans arrived in Anatolia by Assyrian Mesopotamian plain plowing through the mountains of the Tauern chain through a limited number of steps. To the southeast of the Tauern, the river Euphrates was another natural boundary. The middle of the second millennium. C., much of the Anatolian plateau was covered by forests. In addition to agriculture and lands for grazing, the region also had numerous minerarie.L'Altopiano Anatolian resources can be divided into several different areas, each having its resources. The first and most densely populated it is the central part of the Plateau. The river Kizil Irmak, which crosses the plateau, acts as a natural border. The area located in the bend of the river is a rich and fertile land, with the North-metallic minerals. Here are the biggest settlements of the Bronze Age. To the west of the river, the density of sites decreases; the earth is dry, although the Tuz Golu provide important mineral resources. To the south-east of the river lies the Kayseri plain and Kanis (Kültepe) is one of the few of the Bronze Age sites in this area.I cuneiform texts found in Central Anatolia, produced by the Assyrian merchants, they are written in the ancient dialect Assyrian Akkadian.

The Karum period is well documented from 22,600 cuneiform tablets, most of them discovered in Kültepe. A large majority, 22,000 texts, was discovered in private homes of the period Karum level II. Some Anatolian living in Karum were involved in trade, but had no role in the administration of the commercial stations. These tablets are the private archives of the Assyrian merchants settled in Kanis and only few of them belonged to the Anatolian traders. The archives consist of private letters, legal documents and various types of contracts involving many Anatolici.Le tablets are mostly commercial, but several documents dealing with other issues: family contracts, tablets for school and religious issues. Most of the discovered files are dated from the first half of the nineteenth century B.C. .; the treaties concluded between the Assyrian institutions and Anatolian authorities regarding support and assistance to trade over long distances, as well as many letters return from within a vision of the Anatolian history. In fact, the political and administrative structure of the Anatolian kingdoms is only visible through their contacts with Assyrian merchants. At the beginning of the second millennium BC Anatolian plateau appears to be politically fragmented. There were several centers, some of them small fortified city-state, other state with a territory with a capital and several villages. we do not have more information about their hierarchies, but one can imagine that the Assyrians settled in the larger and economically stronger. Twenty cities saw the settling of a Karum during the period corresponding to level II and fifteen hosted a wabartum (for a total of 35 towns). Kanis must have been the first city with a settlement by the Assyrians and it certainly was their administrative center during the entire period. During the Karum II, the city was surrounded by a dozen villages. During the period Ib the kingdom was even larger, with at least twenty villages. The end of the Karum Ib could be accused to the struggles for power between different rival kingdoms. During the period Karum Ia there were still foreign travelers in Kanis attested by archaeological findings as "Syrian bottles" or a cylinder seal mesopotamico.I Anatolian palaces were economic centers whose wealth came from the production of their fields from their metallurgical resources. But they had also need of tin, fabrics and other raw materials brought from mercani Assiri.L'economia of Anatolian cities was mainly supported by agriculture and animal husbandry. Mining and metallurgy were the other main resource Anatolian plateau.

The production of metals was the primary attraction for the Assyrians, who wanted to bring back gold and silver at home. To prepare the bronze necessary in daily activities, the Anatolyan depended Assyrian caravans that took the tin from the north-east of Iran and Uzbekistan. Bronze was produced locally by Anatolian, to make tools, weapons and items for casa.Gli inhabitants Kanis could buy grain, slaves and animals in the local market while the pond and tissues, the palace and the elites traded with the Assyrian merchants ; trade was governed by commercial treaties with each Lord anatolico.Gli Assyrians had settled in Karums and wabartums who were legally independent of the local authorities. They were protected in both Karums that on roads used for businesses. The Lords Anatolian underwrote these treaties that guaranteed these relationships to benefit from trade, which was convenient to both parti.La Anatolian companies showed a significant difference between the palace and its Senior officers on the one hand, and the rest of the population on the other , mainly farmers and ranchers. These were poor people who belonged to the lower classa; they cultivated the fields just enough for subsistence of their family and often had to take the grain loan to survive. The land belonged predominantly to urban elites and the palace. Senior officers of the palace received some properties and sometimes entire villages by the king, and as a gift as a reward for services rendered. Many of the slaves were slaves to debt. They could be redeemed if the double or more, of the original debt was paid within a certain limited period of time ... ".

The Assyrians introduced writing to Anatolia and there is no evidence proving by Anatolyan attempting to adopt cuneiform writing to their language during the Karum period. The ancient Assyrian dialect was used in commercial treaties drawn up between the Assyrians and the local lords; it served and was also used as a written language in diplomacy between the king Anatolyan. The Treaties and the kings letters were certainly written by official scribes employed in the palaces. Some Anatolian, as Peruwa, whose archives were found, adopted the cuneiform writing and the ancient Assyrian dialect. In fact, the Assyrians themselves were using a simplified cuneiform writing with fewer than 200 signs. Many Assyrians were able to read and write, and this may have encouraged local people to learn to read and write. The ancient Assyrian dialect shows many borrowings from Hatti language spoken in the city at least until the beginning of the nineteenth century BC As mentioned, the relations between Anatolian and Assyrians were primarily commercial. The first generation of Assyrians who arrived in Anatolia was made up of men who left their families to Assyria; their involvement in the Anatolian society was purely economic. They were for a certain period of time in Anatolia and then returned to Assyria because they had to look after the family business. As the Assyrians established themselves in Kanis and other Karums and wabartums, relations between the two populations changed. During their long sojourn in Anatolia Assyrians often they contracted a second marriage, in most cases with Anatolian women. This was done respecting the two roles: they could not have two wives with the same status ( "main wife", "second wife") and they could not have both wives in the same place. The wives of the Anatolian Assyrians merchants resided in Kanis, pulling up their children, taking care of the house and doing agricultural work, while their husbands traveled and traded in Anatolia, and sometimes up to Assyria where their Assyrian wives waiting for them. When some Assyrians withdrew from work and went to Assyria, they left their wives and underwrote a divorce agreement; usually women came into possession of the house in which they lived, with the furniture, and was their recognized a certain amount of money. Usually they kept with their young children, the father paying for their maintenance, but he could also decide to bring someone of Anatolian children to Assur. Many who lived in the Anatolian Karum could improve their position in society through business and entertained with the Assyrians. Some were even creditors towards the Assyrians and integrated into enterprise Assyrian family, then choosing their spouses between the Assyrian community. With the increase of mixed marriages, the Karum became a "social colony", so that in many families, brothers and sisters were using both names Assyrians both Anatolyan. The nineteenth century BC It is well documented by cuneiform tablets, but although there are a number lower tablets for the eighteenth century, and we do not know how the old Assyrian trade came to an end. With the departure of the Assyrians writing he disappeared from Anatolia for centuries, to be reintroduced later in a different form from the Hittites ... ".

The Etruscan art style is clearly greek-oriental. It can be compared with western Anatolia examples, such as wall paintings or those of Gordion tomb of Karaburun in Lycia. The heads have rounded skulls, large foreheads, elongated almond eyes, arched openings that give the impression of a smiling attitude. Therefore remains really difficult, and in some cases impossible, to distinguish between certain works of Etruscan craftsmen and those of Western immigrants from Anatolia.

The cups for drinking terracotta reproducing animals and birds are the first examples of zoomorphic vessels made then with precious metals, called BIBRU, "rhyton" in Akkadian, which were used in religious ceremonies, according to Hittite sources. The drinking cups are then found in terracotta, while BIBRU remembered by Hittite texts are made of precious materials. These drinking cups clay are found reproduced in four main types of objects, because in an international center like Kanis was important to represent the rituals of Sumerian-Akkadian tradition.



source:
https://www.amazon.it/Etrusco-Anatolica-morfologia-Semitico-Compilationes-ebook/dp/B00RVYWWPO#reader_B00RVYWWPO

 

[historycisalpin]

Herodotus is the only ancient written source that we have, and his "science" is questionable since he relies on various oral traditions for his source-data.

He said the most ancient Europeans were reddish haired and were displaced by blondes from Persia.

That's what he says.

Our own archaeological data don't tell us anything about hair and eyes obviously.

The Germanics suddenly appear out of nowhere in Denmark.

The Slavs suddenly appear out of nowhere in Poland.

The Aryans suddenly appear out of nowhere in Afghanistan.

The Semitics suddenly appear out of nowhere in Syria-Iraq.

The Afro-Asiatics suddenly appear out of nowhere in Egypt.

We know nothing about the Australian aboriginals and the sub-Saharan aboriginals we know nothing about.

Herodotus was a historian, bearing in mind that history is always taken with the tongs.
Then also it wrote the rule of Tacitus' De origine et situ Germanorum "- should be questioned, following your reasoning.

 

[yiostheoy]

The Etruscans could have come from anywhere.

Assyria is the least likely place.

More likely is Crete.

 

[historycisalpin]

The Etruscans could have come from anywhere.

Assyria is the least likely place.

More likely is Crete.

I cite reliable sources, of people who do it for work.

 

[yiostheoy]

The Etruscans could have come from anywhere.

Assyria is the least likely place.

More likely is Crete.

I cite reliable sources, of people who do it for work.

So their rank speculation is better than other speculation ???

Speculation is speculation.

it all stinks.

 

[yiostheoy]

As far back as history and anthropology and archaeology can take us, it all tells us that there were vastly different peoples in different parts of the globe.

One or two things are easy to conclude though.

1 - they did not all come out of a big boat.

2 - they did not all come out of Africa.

We just don't know where they came from.

They could just as easily come out of ancient space ships.

 

[historycisalpin]

As far back as history and anthropology and archaeology can take us, it all tells us that there were vastly different peoples in different parts of the globe.

One or two things are easy to conclude though.

1 - they did not all come out of a big boat.

2 - they did not all come out of Africa.

We just don't know where they came from.

They could just as easily come out of ancient space ships.

And 'established that the Etruscans were a Levantine race, theories about the Anunnaki do it in another thread )

Computers in ancient Greece?

False history?

False recently introduced as a historian?

Slipcase that looks like a computer?

 

[historycisalpin]

I correct: the Etruscans were Anatolian Levantine race.

 

[yiostheoy]

I correct: the Etruscans were Anatolian Levantine race.

Probably the same as the ancient Cretans too.

 

[ThirdTerm]

The northern Germany and Scandinavia were themselves colonized later by Central European groups.
It was during this process that for the first time the physical traits of blond hair and blue eyes coincided with those of the Indo-European language.
The Indo-European (Aryan) ancestral so they were not blond. The blondness was a physical trait of pre-Indo-European peoples of northern Europe, whose indo was partial, since about population groups from which descend the Germans and Celts, but not the ancestors of the Finns, who never came to adopt an Indo-European Language.

European hunter-gatherers in Scandinavia were 100% blonde and blue-eyed, according to the recent genetic study below. Indo-Europeans from the Pontic-Caspian steppe had brown eyes and brown hair and the two population groups mixed up around 5,000 years ago. 95% of European hunter-gatherers were lactose intolerant before the arrival of the steppe herders, who carried a genetic mutation that allowed adults to tolerate drinking cow’s milk.

Figure 4: Allele frequencies for putatively positively selected SNPs.

The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000–1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of ideas or from human migrations, potentially also facilitating the spread of languages and certain phenotypic traits. We investigated this by using new, improved methods to sequence low-coverage genomes from 101 ancient humans from across Eurasia. We show that the Bronze Age was a highly dynamic period involving large-scale population migrations and replacements, responsible for shaping major parts of present-day demographic structure in both Europe and Asia. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesized spread of Indo-European languages during the Early Bronze Age. We also demonstrate that light skin pigmentation in Europeans was already present at high frequency in the Bronze Age, but not lactose tolerance, indicating a more recent onset of positive selection on lactose tolerance than previously thought.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journa...2&spJobID=701294608&spReportId=NzAxMjk0NjA4S0

 

[anotherlife]

The northern Germany and Scandinavia were themselves colonized later by Central European groups.
It was during this process that for the first time the physical traits of blond hair and blue eyes coincided with those of the Indo-European language.
The Indo-European (Aryan) ancestral so they were not blond. The blondness was a physical trait of pre-Indo-European peoples of northern Europe, whose indo was partial, since about population groups from which descend the Germans and Celts, but not the ancestors of the Finns, who never came to adopt an Indo-European Language.

European hunter-gatherers in Scandinavia were 100% blonde and blue-eyed, according to the recent genetic study below. Indo-Europeans from the Pontic-Caspian steppe had brown eyes and brown hair and the two population groups mixed up around 5,000 years ago. 95% of European hunter-gatherers were lactose intolerant before the arrival of the steppe herders, who carried a genetic mutation that allowed adults to tolerate drinking cow’s milk.

Figure 4: Allele frequencies for putatively positively selected SNPs.

The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000–1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of ideas or from human migrations, potentially also facilitating the spread of languages and certain phenotypic traits. We investigated this by using new, improved methods to sequence low-coverage genomes from 101 ancient humans from across Eurasia. We show that the Bronze Age was a highly dynamic period involving large-scale population migrations and replacements, responsible for shaping major parts of present-day demographic structure in both Europe and Asia. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesized spread of Indo-European languages during the Early Bronze Age. We also demonstrate that light skin pigmentation in Europeans was already present at high frequency in the Bronze Age, but not lactose tolerance, indicating a more recent onset of positive selection on lactose tolerance than previously thought.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journa...2&spJobID=701294608&spReportId=NzAxMjk0NjA4S0

Blond genes are recessive genes, so only effect if the Indo Europeans also have the blond gene as recessive. Yes the Indo European bullies have been crowding us out for millennia, but we turned them normal a little by blonding them back. Now if only they would stop speaking their demented Slavonic and Latin latnguages, and learn a proper language like szekler, Finnish, Hungarian, Sami/Lapp, or Gaelic.

 

[historycisalpin]

I would replace the erroneous term "Indo-European" - the correct term of Indo-Mesopotamian - Mesosemitic - Afrosemitic - Meso-Anatolian and Asian-Levantine.

 

[yiostheoy]

I would replace the erroneous term "Indo-European" - the correct term of Indo-Mesopotamian - Mesosemitic - Afrosemitic - Meso-Anatolian and Asian-Levantine.

The correct term is "Aryan" as Herodotus calls them.

 

[historycisalpin]

I would replace the erroneous term "Indo-European" - the correct term of Indo-Mesopotamian - Mesosemitic - Afrosemitic - Meso-Anatolian and Asian-Levantine.

The correct term is "Aryan" as Herodotus calls them.

Herodotus was aware of the fact that the Aryans (the real ones), much more than that belonged to the Middle East to Europe.

We certainly can not speak of "Aryans" europoidal race - in sauce Nazi-Fascism, since their mother land is located between Afghanistan and Pakistan.

 

[yiostheoy]

I would replace the erroneous term "Indo-European" - the correct term of Indo-Mesopotamian - Mesosemitic - Afrosemitic - Meso-Anatolian and Asian-Levantine.

The correct term is "Aryan" as Herodotus calls them.

Herodotus was aware of the fact that the Aryans (the real ones), much more than that belonged to the Middle East to Europe.

We certainly can not speak of "Aryans" europoidal race - in sauce Nazi-Fascism, since their mother land is located between Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Well I don't know if you know or not but Herodotus calls a certain group "Germanians" and labels them "Aryans".

And then Caesar calls the tribes north of Rome "Germanians" too.

So if you can put 1 and 1 together that is probably where Adolf and his reichsmarschalls got it from.

 

[Unkotare]

Ok, "Indo-European" is a language family, not a 'race.'

 

[Meathead]

None of those is pre-history. just stupid.

 

[historycisalpin]

I would replace the erroneous term "Indo-European" - the correct term of Indo-Mesopotamian - Mesosemitic - Afrosemitic - Meso-Anatolian and Asian-Levantine.

The correct term is "Aryan" as Herodotus calls them.

Herodotus was aware of the fact that the Aryans (the real ones), much more than that belonged to the Middle East to Europe.

We certainly can not speak of "Aryans" europoidal race - in sauce Nazi-Fascism, since their mother land is located between Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Well I don't know if you know or not but Herodotus calls a certain group "Germanians" and labels them "Aryans".

And then Caesar calls the tribes north of Rome "Germanians" too.

So if you can put 1 and 1 together that is probably where Adolf and his reichsmarschalls got it from.

The swastika is a symbol of Indo Mesopotamian origin (non-European), and the Aryans lived in Afghanistan and were the ones to bring down the Indus Valley civilization.

Hitler did just anybody term Indo Mesopotamian origin, propagating the Aryan paternity to the German people, a false paternity.

They are more "Aryan" race of the oriental Levantine populations of southern Italy, with respect to the Germanic peoples.

 

[historycisalpin]

Ok, "Indo-European" is a language family, not a 'race.'

It's not even a language, since the most ancient languages are those of afrosemitic strain, as well as the most ancient alphabets.

Euro-Asian languages were strongly influenced by those of the strain afrosemitic.

For example:

The origin of the runes is somehow linked to that alphabet as we know it, which is a derivation from the Phoenician alphabet borrowed by the Greeks and later adapted by other peoples (Romans, Etruscans, Venetian and Rhaetian people) to their languages, but still retains roughly the Semitic order, where the names originally letters represent the names of the respective phonemes, of which represent in graphic terms the name, according to a roughly principle acrophonic.